The paper presents the requirements, architecture and important features of a modern IT system of logistics for rail transport. The purpose of the system is to provide logistic support of transport issues relating to the work performed in the sectors of transport and maintenance of railway enterprises. In particular, special attention was paid to optimization problems of strategic and operational planning applying modern optimization algorithms. System architecture, the basic functional modules and their relationship are presented as an example of the system used by the Polish rail operators, engaged in the transport of both passenger and freight. The system is characterized by centralized architecture, divided into an application server, a database server and a terminals server. The system takes full advantage of modern mobile technologies. The study outlines basic logistics processes implemented in the system, among others,: planning of transport using background maps and a scheme of railway network, records of vehicles and employees, allocation of transport work for individual units, planning cycles of vehicles and trains, scheduling work for vehicles, train driver crews and train attendant teams, creating work schedules, short-term and long-term dispatches, verification and accounting of the work time, accounting transport and train drivers performance.

Public transport plays an increasingly important role in satisfying the transport needs. Travellers’ requirements regarding the quality of services are increasing. In addition to passenger comfort, other parameters are important (timetable and the state of transport infrastructure). Therefore, methods that determine the appropriate organization of public transport for an area should be sought. The purpose of the article is to present the most commonly used optimization methods and tools that have been applied to the chosen problems of organization of public transport mainly in Poland (described in the articles of mainly Polish scientists), but against the background of global research. The article characterizes the functioning of public transport in Poland. The selected problems of public transport functioning, which can be solved by using optimization methods and tools were discussed. The chosen methods that were used to formulate and solve the identified problems were indicated. The effects of this article will form part of the work on the POIR.01.01.01-00-0970/17-00 project "IT system for computer-aided public transport planning" financed by the National Centre for Research and Development.

In this paper, we present the effect of making too many private car journeys on city transport systems. A sustainable approach for the development of transport infrastructure is needed, which takes into account local conditions and needs, especially for areas with a high density of origins and destinations. The criteria for evaluating public transport and bicycle transport are presented, which, if acceptable to city residents, may lead to changes in transportation behaviors and, thus, a more efficient use of transport in daily travels. Factors affecting the mode of transport choice include the duration of particular stages of a journey, such as reaching the location where the first ride commences/driving from the travel origin, waiting for a vehicle (bus journeys) or ride/drive, and reaching the travel destination of the last ride/drive. Additionally, the possibility of using a car and having a seasonal ticket for public transport were taken into account. In this study, the results of detailed travel research in the Polish city of Tarnow were used. It has been proven that the low share of public transport in daily travels is due, among other things, to excessive time to reach a stop and due to walking to journey destinations, whereas the low share of cycling is mainly due to a lack of comfort and safe cycling infrastructure.

No abstract

This paper presents the problem of public transport planning in terms of the optimal use of the available fleet of vehicles and reductions in operational costs and environmental impact. The research takes into account the large fleet of vehicles of various types that are typically found in large cities, including the increasingly widely used electric buses, many depots, and numerous limitations of urban public transport. The mathematical multi-criteria mathematical model formulated in this work considers many important criteria, including technical, economic, and environmental criteria. The preliminary results of the Mixed Integer Linear Programming solver for the proposed model on both theoretical data and real data from urban public transport show the possibility of the practical application of this solver to the transport problems of medium-sized cities with up to two depots, a heterogeneous fleet of vehicles, and up to about 1500 daily timetable trips. Further research directions have been formulated with regard to larger transport systems and new dedicated heuristic algorithms.