Indonesia is an agricultural country with a large portion of its income derived from rice farming. However, Indonesia still imports rice from abroad, even exceeding 1 million tons in 2016. The purpose of this study analyzes the variables of domestic rice productivity, domestic rice demand, domestic rice prices, foreign rice prices and foreign exchange rates that affect Indonesian imports. The analytical method used is an explanatory method to test the hypothesis of a simultaneous relationship between the variables studied. The model in this study uses simultaneous models with two stage least square (2SLS). The results showed that domestic demand for rice and domestic rice prices had a positive effect on imports. Meanwhile, domestic rice productivity, prices of foreign rice and foreign exchange rates have a negative effect on rice imports.

Reinforced concrete column strengthened with Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) has been investigated numerically. Reinforced concrete column with low compression strength is used in this study. Concrete column is modeled by 3D solid elements with 8 nodes linear brick elements (C3D8R), whereas reinforcement bars modeled by 3D truss elements with 2 nodes first order elements (T3D2). In order to simulate concrete response in the specimen, concrete damage plasticity model with specifying damage parameters in both of compression and tension has been adopted in this paper. The specimen is subjected to uniaxial compression loading applied with displacement-controlled method. The effects of CFRP jacketing on reinforced concrete column with low compression strength are observed. The characteristic of reinforced concrete column combined with CFRP in terms of load-displacement behaviour and stress distributions are also evaluated. It is found that the numerical technique proposed in this study is quite efficient to predict the behaviour of low strength reinforced concrete column strengthened with CFRP with regard to the ultimate load, CFRP strain, and concrete strain distribution.