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where L is the length of the drift space. The impulse can also be expressed as a change in the divergence angle, given nonrelativistically in the paraxial approximation by We present a simple analytical model of emittance growth caused by nonlinear space-charge forces using a qExL mv2 'laminar, parabolic-density beam. The model allows us to explain a surprising and important result that space-chargeinduced emittance growth is larger in the plane with the larger semi-axis.where m is the mass of the beam particles.

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