We present the characteristic imaging findings of hypoplasia of the internal carotid artery (ICA) in two cases, one accompanied by an intracranial aneurysm. Finding of a diffuse luminal narrowing of the ICA on MR angiography or digital subtraction angiography (DSA) could wrongly evoke severe acquired diseases such as dissection or atherosclerosis. Absence of associated wall thickening and flow disturbances on color Doppler sonography (CDS) should suggest carotid hypoplasia. Confirmation of the diagnosis is obtained by CT of the skull showing a small carotid canal. Non-invasive procedures are sufficient to differentiate this rare congenital anomaly from acquired string signs.

We report on two patients with ectopic infraorbital nerve and canal located in a maxillary sinus septum. This very rare anatomic variation may possibly generate complications during sinus surgery if it passes unnoticed during the preoperative CT work-up. Key

We report a very rare case of internal hernia of the small bowel through a large congenital defect of the falciform ligament. A complete preoperative diagnosis was possible by 64-row multi-detector row computerized tomography. The identification of the characteristic anatomic features and landmarks of the obliterated umbilical vein-ligamentum teres-was the diagnostic key.

We report two cases of elderly patients presenting with life-threatening complications due to inadvertent accidental ingestion of blister pill packs (BPPs). The first patient presented with obstruction followed by anemia and finally perforation of the small bowel. The second presented with rapidly lethal mediastinitis due to a large perforation of the lower esophagus. The responsible BPPs were identified by multidetector computed tomography and the best result in their characterization was obtained through maximal intensity projections and volume rendering reformations.

Intradural disc herniation (IDH) is very rare. Most diagnoses were surgical but with the improvements in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) it has become possible to preoperatively diagnose intradural migration of disc in some cases. We report a case with very specific imaging features in MRI, well correlated with the surgical findings.