The analysis showed the following tendencies of development and energy efficiency of designs of gearboxes for track machines: provision of a maximum level of efficiency, removal of rupture of a stream of the passed capacity, provision of a high level of reliability, decrease of power input on gearbox work, provision of convenience, simplicity of service and steering, engine braking maintenance, and also maintenance of a relatively low cost. The above-mentioned tasks are performed by including clutch pinion gears with the built in frictional amplifier elements in an automatic gearbox, and also during the effect of dynamic anisotropy of frictional bonds. Besides a torque transfer, the clutch gear carries out a safety clutch function. That means that there is sliding at a high rotational power. Factor of strengthening of the given link is Кstr → ∞ due to occurence of dynamic anisotropy of frictional bonds. Physical and mechanical characteristics of contacting surfaces are formed in the course of dynamic interaction of roughnesses in friction units at modes of dry and boundary friction. Essential-nonlinear friction processes, interconnected with dynamic processes on the contact area, define values of target characteristics of frictional system. They can fluctuate in a very wide range. The friction factor fmp for the same friction units at preservation of constant conditions and friction parameters can vary from zero to infinity that is an essence of dynamic anisotropy of frictional bonds.

Relevance of the topic of increasing the efficiency of the “wheel — rail” friction system is considered. It is shown that the main condition for a significant optimization of the interaction processes in the “wheel — rail” system is the use of scientifically based technologies and technical means for lubrication of a dynamically loaded open friction pair. Basic requirements for the characteristics of lubricants is used in the open “wheel — rail” friction system. Authors named lubricants that meet the stated requirements. The main disadvantages of the remote method of supplying liquid and/or plastic lubricants in the “wheel — rail” system are presented as argument. Examples are given. The article describes technology of contact rota-print rod lubricating system “GRS — RAPS” and its advantages over analogues, as well as the experience of industrial implementation and operation of this technology. Based on the experience of using the “GRS — RAPS” technology in various climatic zones and operating modes, work was carried out on its adaptation and development, in particular, the tribological properties of rod lubricants were improved, the volumes of one-time refueling were increased, the drive of lubricating rods was optimized. All this allows increasing the effectiveness of this technology in 5 – 7 times. Equipment for freight locomotives is provided with metal-plating systems for working surfaces of wheelsets. Total traction capacity of freight locomotives, if all other things being equal, increases by 15 – 20 %, while protecting wheel flanges of locomotives from wear and improves the braking characteristics of the train. A new concept of building a system for the lubrication of the “wheel — rail”contact zone on the basis of a modernized and improved “GRS — RAPS” technology and technology for modifying (metal-plating) working surfaces has been proposed. Potential economic effect from the comprehensive implementation of the proposed technology is estimated taking into account the existing economic conditions.

Interaction dynamics of contacting micro- and macroroughnesses of friction surfaces defines the main tribocharacteristics: friction factor, a wear-out type, its intensity, coefficient of energy efficiency of all the system. Reliability and energy efficiency of mechanical systems substantially depend on reliability and energy efficiency of their friction units. In their turn, reliability and energy efficiency of friction units are defined by interaction of the dynamic processes happening in frictional and mechanical subsystems.

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