The results of the study of physical and mechanical and tribological properties of PTFE-based composites with addition of serpentine and kaolin are described. Magnesium spinel was used as a functional additive. Improvement of the characteristics of the material due to mechanical activation of the fillers increasing adhesive interaction between components of the composite material was identified. Methods of capillary electrophoresis and atomic adsorption spectroscopy revealed an increase in the number of active cations due to mechanical activation. The IR-spectroscopy identified that the cause of an increase in the number of cations is destruction of octahedral networks of fillers subject to mechanical activation. It is assumed that high coordination activity of aluminum ions which are part of magnesium and kaolin spinels relative to the fluorine atoms of PTFE macromolecules and oxygen atoms on the surface of mechanically activated layered silicates, intensifies interfacial interaction.