Bone forms the basic framework of the body and it consists of bone cells, ground substance and collagen fibres. The bone undergoes alternate deposition and resorption to withstand the biomechanical forces exerted. Osteoclasts, osteoblasts, osteocytes secrete numerous enzymes, cytokines, growth factors which interact among one another to perform the physiological activities taking place in bone. This article emphasizes on the secretions of osteoblast that interacts with the osteoclast precursor involved in osteoclastic stimulation and inhibition and vice versa osteoclastic activity on bone can trigger osteoblastic formation or inhibition. This interaction is explained based on 3 different modes: Direct cell-cell contact, gap junctions, diffusion of paracrine factors and the 3 phases of bone remodelling.

The stem cells possess various possibilities in the regeneration of organs and tissues, thereby helping in the restoration of their normal function. Various types of stem cells and their characteristics such as source, function, limitations and their applications are discussed in detail in this article. Dental and Non-Dental Oral MSC (Mesenchymal Stem Cells) are being compared based on their proliferation ability and regenerative capacity. This article also depicts the regenerative applications of oral mesenchymal stem cells.