We studied the genetics of fertility restoration by producing three-way test cross (TWTC) hybrids involved different combinations of restorers, maintainers and partial restorers of rice. Pollen and spikelet fertility of 16 TWTC hybrids were studied. Six TWTC involving restorer/restorer combinations as male parents produced progenies with fertility levels ranging from complete to zero. No specific ratio of segregation was observed. The crosses involving maintainer/maintainer combinations as male parents showed fully fertile and partial fertile/sterile plants in their progenies. These could be due to nonallelic gene interactions for fertility restoration between the two restorer or maintainer parents, or due to the influence of some modifying genes in the nuclear genome. TWTC involving partial restorer / restorer and partial restorer/partial restorer as the male parents also produced fully fertile and partial fertile/sterile plants suggesting the complex genetics of fertility restoration in rice. There were no previous results depicting the complementation effects of maintainers for fertility restoration.

This review is related to bioreactors for plant suspension culture and its products. Bioreactor plays an important role in bioprocess engineering. The core of bioprocessing technology is the bioreactor. A bioreactor is basically a device in which the organisms are cultivated and helps in production of desired products in a contained environment. Bioreactors are usually a containment which provides optimal condition for microorganisms in order to produce desired products. In this review, the bioreactor's principle, working and its types are discussed. Enclosed by unit operations that carry out physical changes for medium preparation and recovery of products, the reactor is where the major chemical and biochemical transformations occur. In many bioprocess, characteristic of the reaction determined to a large extent the economic feasibility of the project. The integration of biosynthesis and separation is considered as a possible approach towards more efficient plant cell and tissue culture. In this review article, the aspects of bioprocess engineering for plant suspension culture and its products, bioreactor types, optimized strategies for production of secondary metabolites also and its industrial applications. Su et al.; AJB2T, 5(3): 1-13, 2019; Article no.AJB2T.51795 2 Review Article

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