The demand for high speed, low power and low cost for Viterbi decoding especially in wireless communication are always required. Thus this paper presents the design of an adaptive Viterbi decoder that uses survivor path with parameters for wireless communication in an attempt to reduce the power and cost and at the same time increase the speed. Viterbi Algorithm is the optimum-decoding algorithm for convolutional codes and has often been served as a standard technique in digital communication systems for maximum likelihood sequence estimation. The Add-Compare-Select (ACS) and Trace Back (TB) units and its sub circuits of the decoder have been operated in deep pipelined manner to achieve high transmission rate. In this paper register exchange based survivor unit is used as they have better throughput when compared to trace back using memory. Branch metric is calculated for either upper or lower half of trellis, which leads to reduction of power consumption. The Trellis code structure is divided into two segments. The first segment of the Trellis works in normal Viterbi mode while the second works in modified T-algorithm. The designed Adaptive Viterbi Decoder is able to detect and correct up to four errors. The design is optimized with respect to time, area and power and the netlist is generated. The netlist obtained after synthesis undergoes the physical design process. The synthesized circuits are placed and routed in the standard cell design environment and implemented on a Xilinx FPGA device.

Abstract:The study of microstrip patch antennas has made great progress in recent years. When microstrip antennas are compared with conventional antennas, the microstrip patch antennas have more advantages and better prospects. They are lighter in weight, low volume, low cost, smaller in dimension and ease of fabrication and conformity. Moreover, the microstrip patch antennas can provide dual and circular polarizations, dual-frequency operation, frequency agility, feed line flexibility, beam scanning and omnidirectional patterning. In this paper we discuss about the microstrip antenna and its different types of configurations.