No abstract

This article presents a semantic-based Web retrieval system that is capable of retrieving the Web pages that are conceptually related to the implicit concepts of the query. The concept of "concept" is managed from a fuzzy point of view by means of semantic areas. In this context, the proposed system improves most search engines that are based on matching words. The key of the system is to use a new version of the Fuzzy Interrelations and Synonymy-Based Concept Representation Model (FIS-CRM) to extract and represent the concepts contained in both the Web pages and the user query. This model, which was integrated into other tools such as the Fuzzy Interrelations and Synonymy based Searcher (FISS) metasearcher and the fz-mail system, considers the fuzzy synonymy and the fuzzy generality interrelations as a means of representing word interrelations (stored in a fuzzy synonymy dictionary and ontologies). The new version of the model, which is based on the study of the cooccurrences of synonyms, integrates a soft method for disambiguating word senses. This method also considers the context of the word to be disambiguated and the thematic ontologies and sets of synonyms stored in the dictionary.

No abstract

El enfoque de capacidades (EC) es un marco centrado en la libertad y orientado hacia la agencia para la evaluación de estados individuales y sociales. Efectivamente, se considera que la agencia tiene importancia intrínseca, instrumental y constructiva. Así, hay una creciente literatura que explora cómo capturar la agencia empíricamente. Sin embargo, relativamente menos se ha dicho sobre lo que la agencia del EC implica en sus propios términos. Esa discusión involucra dos temas: la racionalidad y la libertad. Contrario al enfoque dominante, la teoría de la elección racional, que propone a un elector egoísta, calculador y atomista, el EC propone a un elector con múltiples motivaciones, multidimensional, plural y reflexivo; es decir, en lugar de uno racional, el EC sugiere a un agente razonante. Estudiar a ese agente tiene importantes implicaciones para la investigación, incluida la filosofía de la ciencia. Aquellas pueden enfrentarse de mejor manera si esta se aborda debidamente.

No abstract