Several models of Gastric Emptying (GE) have been employed in the past to represent the rate of delivery of stomach contents to the duodenum and jejunum. These models have all used a deterministic form (algebraic equations or ordinary differential equations), considering GE as a continuous, smooth process in time. However, GE is known to occur as a sequence of spurts, irregular both in size and in timing. Hence, we formulate a simple stochastic process model, able to represent the irregular decrements of gastric contents after a meal. The model is calibrated on existing literature data and provides consistent predictions of the observed variability in the emptying trajectories. This approach may be useful in metabolic modeling, since it describes well and explains the apparently heterogeneous GE experimental results in situations where common gastric mechanics across subjects would be expected.

Fund International). According to the American Institute for Cancer Research, cervical cancer is the fourth most commonly occurring cancer in women and the eighth most commonly occurring cancer overall. Risk assessment is one of the powerful tools that provide a rational framework for designing and managing health insurance provision (American Cancer Society).In Bhutan, cervical cancer is the first most common cancer among women with 82 deaths recorded between 2014 to 2018. About 70% of the total female population

Titanium dioxide nanoparticle (TiO2-NP) is widely used in manufactured nanomaterials such as sunscreens, cosmetics, drugs, and some food products. It can be encapsulated in a single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) depending on their physical and chemical interactions. On applying the Lennard-Jones potential function and the continuous approximation, we determine three encapsulation mechanisms for spherical shape TiO2-NP entering a tube: (i) head-on at the tube open end, (ii) around the edge of the tube open end, and (iii) through a defect opening on the tube wall. The total potential energy of the system is obtained as an exact expression by performing double surface integrals. We find that the TiO2-NP is most (least) likely to be encapsulated into a SWNT by head-on configuration (around the edge of the tube open end). This encapsulation procedure is a potential application for targeted drug delivery. For convenience, throughout this analysis all configurations are assumed to be in vacuum and the TiO2-NP is initially at rest.