Services in the forest-based bioeconomy-analysis of European strategies The increasing role of services for business making has been recognised in the forest-based sector, yet a systematic analysis of this emerging phenomenon is lacking. The current study derives from service research three perspectives for analysis: services activities separate from primary production and manufacturing-processing, services outputs separate from tangible products, and service as strategic, i.e., business model consideration how value is created. Document analyses have been carried out to examine how these perspectives are identifiable in the European-level bioeconomy and forest-based sector strategies, as well as in a number of major strategic partnerships beyond the bio-based industries, i.e., the research and innovation programmes of processing industries, manufacturing, energy-efficient buildings and green vehicles. The upstream and downstream strategies tend to differ on their approach to services. This paper contributes to the forest sector research by introducing two distinct perspectives from the service research literature to address the increasing role of services in the context of evolving bioeconomy: 1) explicating the role of services in the bioeconomy supply chains in order to improve efficiency and existing processes, and 2) elaborating service as a means to better understand the changing business models and modes of value creation which may lead to system-level changes.

2015),"Designing for public sector innovation in the UK: design strategies for paradigm shifts", foresight, Vol. 17 Iss 4 pp. 332-348 http://dx.If you would like to write for this, or any other Emerald publication, then please use our Emerald for Authors service information about how to choose which publication to write for and submission guidelines are available for all. Please visit www.emeraldinsight.com/authors for more information. About Emerald www.emeraldinsight.comEmerald is a global publisher linking research and practice to the benefit of society. The company manages a portfolio of more than 290 journals and over 2,350 books and book series volumes, as well as providing an extensive range of online products and additional customer resources and services.Emerald is both COUNTER 4 and TRANSFER compliant. The organization is a partner of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and also works with Portico and the LOCKSS initiative for digital archive preservation. Abstract Purpose -The purpose of this paper is to analyze and provide a synthesis of how services are understood, how they are likely to develop and how future development can be studied more closely in the forest-based sector (FBS). Services are likely to have an increasing role in the FBS in the future. Design/methodology/approach -The findings are based on a literature review of FBS outlook studies, strategies and programs and services-related studies in FBS and general services literature. Three case examples of services businesses in FBS companies are presented, and possible foresight approaches related to them are discussed. Foresight methods used in parallel sectors are also discussed. Findings -The study provides the first systematic introduction, classification and review of FBS services to include both industry-and non-industry-related services. The paper also points out the need for foresight studies and suggests various approaches for an analysis of the potential of FBS services in the future bioeconomy.Practical implications -The study shows that the role of services in FBS research has been understood too narrowly. As a result, services research has been rather lacking and the future potential of services in the FBS has not been fully acknowledged. The study argues for and points toward the need to use foresight approaches to update FBS strategies, business models and policies to fully benefit from the future potential of services. Originality/value -The study is a novel introduction, review and discussion of the role of services in the FBS and their future outlook.The authors would like to thank two anonymous reviewers for a number of thoughtful suggestions and comments.

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Increasing role of services in the economy has been recognized in the forest-based sector, yet the phenomenon and its possible impacts remain little studied. The forest-based sector companies operate in international markets and their products feed into a wide range of industrial activities. Increasing role of services as change in the operating environment of these companies can be expected to influence also on the upstream of the forest-based value chains, and better understanding of such developments is needed. This study analyses documents of the EU industrial policy and economic cooperation at international level from the year 2000 onwards, and asks: 1) how the increasing role of services is assessed as part of industrial development, 2) which trends and drivers are identified, and 3) whether and how the issues related to the natural resources base are addressed with regard to this phenomenon. The study concludes that instead of thinking of the increasing role of services as a trend in the external environment of the forest-based sector, it can also be assessed as a symptom of more profound changes underway in the industrial production. The recent industrial policy documents emphasize the new technology-enabled production modes that revolutionize how production, distribution and value capture can be organized. By assessing the developments only with accustomed metrics, such as number and volume of services, important opportunities and challenges may remain unrecognized for the forest-based sector. The paper concludes questions for future research to address this issue.