Aims: The study aimed to explore the cocoa pod pests and the damage level of pests in Lima Puluh Kota regency, Indonesia. Study Design: Purposive random sampling. Place and Duration of Study: The research was conducted in cocoa field in Lima Puluh Kota Regency, West Sumatera, Indonesia from January to June 2021. Methodology: Purposive random sampling was used in the research. Three districts that have cocoa fields were chosen as location of the study. One sub district of each district was chosen and two cocoa fields of each sub district were chosen as sampling. The criteria of field sampling were 1) the field area was 0.5 hectare, 2) the plants age ±4 years and the plants were productive. Results: The result showed that cocoa pod borer (Conopomorpha cramerella) and pod sucking bug (PSB) (Helopeltis spp.) were the cocoa pod pest insects in Lima Puluh Kota regency. The percentage of attacked plants by CPB and PSB in Lima Puluh Kota were 21.18% and 56.28% respectively. Attacked pods by CPB and PSB were 10.82% and 79.45%. For attack intensity of CPB and PSB, there were 8.52% and 41.09% respectively. Conclusion: According to result obtained, the attack intensity of CPB and PSB in Lima Puluh Kota were Slight and Moderate respectively.

Aims: The objective of study was to study population density of Eurydema pulchrum in cabbage plants of Batu Palano, Agam, West Sumatera, Indonesia. Study Design: Purposive random sampling. Place and Duration of Study: The research was conducted in cabbage plants, Batu Palano, Agam regency, Wesy Sumatera, Indonesia and Laboratory of Pest, Faculty of Agriculture, Riau University, Pekanbaru, Indonesia from November 2022 to January 2023. Methodology: Purposive random sampling was used as method to collect E. pulchrum in the field. The area of cabbage plant field was 400 m2. E. pulchrum was collected by using sweep net and bare hand directly. Four locations were chosen as sampling locations. 10% of total plants of each location was determined as sampling plants. In each location, a diagonal imaginary line was made to determine sampling plants. ±67 plants in a diagonal line. The plants in diagonal line was determined systematically. The bugs in determined line was counted. The observation was conducted in 10.00-12.00 am for each location. Results: The population density of E. pulchrum in cabbage plants of Batu Palano was 0.06 individual/ plant. Conclusion: E. pulchrum status was not pest in cabbage plants of Batu Palano.

Spodoptera frugiperda is a new pest for maize in Indonesia. The research was aimed to obtain fruit organic extract of forest betel for S. frugiperda mortality in Laboratory. The research was conducted at Pest Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Riau University,Bina Widya Campus, Pekanbaru, Riau Province, Indonesia from February to April 2022. Experiment in completely randomized design was used in the study. There were six treatments and four replicates. 10 larvae instar three of S. frugiperda were infested for each treatment by using spraying method. The treatment was organic extract concentration of forest betel as follows : A0 ( 0 % of organic extract of forest betel), A1 (0.2 % of organic extract of forest betel), A2 (0.4 % of organic extract of forest betel), A3 (0.6 % of organic extract of forest betel), A4 (0.8 % of organic extract of forest betel) and A5 (1.0 % of organic extract of forest betel). The result showed that concentration of 0.8% was the effective one to mortality of S. frugiperda. The total mortality was 82.50% with early lethal time of 2.5 hours after application and lethal time 50 at 31 hours after application. Concentration of 0.32% or 3.2 ml.l−1 was appropriate one to kill 50% of population and concentration of 1.34% or 13.4 ml.l−1 was appropriate to kill 95% of S. frugiperda larvae population

Aims: The study aimed to study the abundance and biodiversity of Coccinellid predators in rice field Ecosystem in Payakumbuh District, Lima Puluh Kota Regency, West Sumatera,  Indonesia. Study Design:  Purposive random sampling. Place and Duration of Study: The research was conducted in rice field of Payakumbuh District, Lima Puluh Kota Regency, West Sumatera and Laboratory of Pest, Faculty of Agriculture, Riau University, Pekanbaru, Indonesia from January to April 2022. Methodology: Purposive random sampling was used in the research. Three rice fields in Payakumbuh District was chosen as sampling locations. Sweep net method was using to collect the coccinellid and the collected coccinellids were identified in Pest Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Riau University, Pekanbaru, Indonesia. The data was analyzed by using Shannon-Winner diversity index to analyze biodiversity and evenness index. Results: 30 individuals of three species of coccinelid predators were found in rice field ecosystem in Payakumbuh district. The species were Micraspis lineata (20 individuals), Menochilus sexmaculatus (9 individuals) and Coleophora bisselata (1 individual). The species diversity index (H’) and species evenness index (E) were 0.73 and 0.66 respectively. Conclusion: The diversity of coccinellid predators in rice field in Payakumbuh district was quite stable and more stable.