Blue emitting devices based on 2-(4′-9H-carbazol-9-yl)-[1,1′-styryl]-4-yl-1-benzylpiperidine-1H-phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazole (Cz-BPIS) exhibits blue emission with CIE coordinates of (0.16, 0.09), current density of 1.91 cd/A, power efficiency of 1.63 lm/W and external quantum efficiency of 2.61%.

The electroluminescence intensity of a dodecanethiol-functionalized silver (DT-Ag) NP/ CPB:Ir(mpidmb) 2 (acac) film was increased by about 2.23 times in comparison with that of a control device, CPB:Ir(mpidmb) 2 (acac), due to coupling between excitons of emissive layer and the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of DT-Ag NPs. The current efficiency of a device with a DT-Ag NPs layer at 100 cd cm À2 (42.3 cd A À1) was 17.0 cd A À1 higher than that of the control device (25.3 cd A À1).The increase in current efficiency in the case of DT-Ag NP-coated devices was strongly related to the energy transfer between radiated light generated from the CBP:Ir(mpidmb) 2 (acac) emissive layer and the LSPR excited by the DT-Ag NPs layer.

The Cz-DEPVI device showed high efficiencies of L: 13955 cd m−2, ηex: 4.90%, ηc: 6.0 cd A−1, ηp: 5.4 lm W−1 and CIE coordinates of (0.15, 0.06) at 2.8 V.

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The non-doped OLED based on MPPIS-Cz exhibits blue emission with CIE of (0.16, 0.08), maximum current and external quantum efficiency of 1.52 cd A−1 and of 1.42%, respectively.