Background: Pharmacovigilance is the science and activities relating to the detection, assessment, understanding, and prevention of adverse effects or any other possible drug-related problems. Adverse drug reaction (ADR) is global problem. It affects majority of population causing morbidity and mortality. Aims and Objectives: The present study was conducted to evaluate undergraduate student’s knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) about pharmacovigilance and ADR reporting. Materials and Methods: KAP-based questionnaire was shared among undergraduate medical students using Microsoft forms to assess the information about knowledge, KAP of pharmacovigilance. The KAP questionnaire was analyzed question-by-question, and the percentage values were calculated with the help of Microsoft Excel software. Results: In our study, 238 under graduate responded to questionnaire, and 80.25% of the total participants defined pharmacovigilance up to the mark, 75.63% were aware of the purpose of pharmacovigilance. Majority of the students (92.02%) knew that which ADRs should be reported. However, most of them did not have any idea of number of days within which serious adverse event in India should report. About 94.12% students agreed that reporting of ADR is necessary and 97.06% of them thought that pharmacovigilance reporting should be made compulsory. Among the respondents, 25.21% had come across ADR in their ward postings, 64.29% under graduate were not trained on reporting ADR, and only 11.34% ever reported ADRs from. Conclusion: From this study, it was clear that undergraduate medical students have good knowledge, positive attitude but lack of practice toward pharmacovigilance.

Fluoroquinolones are broad-spectrum antibacterial for treating respiratory tract, intra-abdominal, urinary tract, pelvic, joint, bone, soft tissue, and skin infections. The economic burden on patients affects compliance in developing countries like India. Therefore, the prices of drugs should be controlled effectively. Hence, this study was done to assess the cost variation of branded oral fluoroquinolones available in India compared with generic counterparts. The maximum and minimum cost of oral fluoroquinolones (INR per 10 tablets) of the same strength and dosage form manufactured by different companies was obtained from Drug Today April to July 2021 Volume 1, MIMS, and 1mg.com. The cost ratio and the percentage cost variation of individual drug brands were calculated. Prices of generic fluoroquinolones from the Jan Aushadhi scheme (JAS) were compared with branded drugs. Of 11 different oral fluoroquinolones, levofloxacin 500 mg had the highest percentage variation of 11.100%, and three formulations marketed by a few manufacturers have a percentage reduction of less than 100%. Of 23 different combinations available as 33 different dosages, the highest cost variations were observed in Norfloxacin 400 mg plus tinidazole 600 mg combination (1317%). When compared, some generic fluoroquinolones available under JAS were not cheaper than the minimum cost of their branded counterparts. Wide variation in the cost of the different brands of the same oral fluoroquinolones manufactured by other companies was observed. This adds to the economic burden for the patients. Hence, stakeholders should aim to decrease the cost variation among different brands while maintaining therapeutic efficacy