Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-activated transcription factors, belonging to the nuclear receptor family, which has high expression of three structurally homologous PPARs isotypes (PPARα, PPARβ/δ, and PPARγ) in brain. Several studies have discovered role of PPARs in oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation and production of the toxic proteins in various neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson disease, Alzheimer’s disease, Huntington disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Multiple sclerosis etc. Currently available drugs provide symptomatic relief, but disease progression cannot be stopped, because of their unclear molecular approach. The ability of PPAR to modulate the pathways involved in these conditions paved a path for future studies. Due to increasing challenges to treat central nervous system related disorders, hence PPARs have attracted much attention nowadays. In this review, we discussed various mechanisms of PPARs subtypes in neurodegenerative disorders. We congregate the molecular evidences which support PPARs as a therapeutic target to treat neurodegenerative disorders from preclinical and clinical studies and provide a basis for the potential therapeutic use of PPAR ligands in human diseases.

Kha-vaigunya is the condition of the srotas which is susceptible for pathological changes or favourable movement to produce a disease. Koshtha means hollow organs and cavernous spaces or cavities of body.Shakha means Shariradhatus or body tissues excluding the rasa dhatu or plasma and including the twak or skin. Doshas are functional entities of body and they are constantly moving from one place of body to other. When Doshas have unidirectional movement from Koshta to Shakha, Doshas do not come back to visceral spaces therefore normal function of visceral organs are hampered. The Doshas gets stagnated and damage the tissue causing disease. Tuberculosis is chronic granulomatous inflammation of lung tissue. In Disease progression stage Tubercle forms, which contains a semi-solid or “cheesy” consistency. It’s manifestation is either cavitation or calcification. Hence understanding the pathogenesis by evaluating X-rays is an attempt made to understand Koshta shakha vikriti as kha vaigunya.