Preventive strategies against adverse psychosocial working conditions of nurses should be implemented in the Lithuanian hospitals.

Objective. Employment in human service occupations as nursing is reported to display high risk for mental health, and occupational stress has been found to be one of the major work-related health problems. The objective of the study was to explore the associations between psychosocial job characteristics, social support, and internal resources as determinants of mental health status in a sample of Kaunas district nurses. Material and methods. A survey was conducted among the nurses of Kaunas district community in 2008–2009. A total of 638 nurses were randomly selected, and 372 filled in the questionnaire (response rate, 58.3%). Mental distress was measured using the Goldberg 12-item General Health Questionnaire and psychosocial job characteristics using the Swedish version of the Karasek Demand-Control questionnaire. Sense of coherence was measured by the three-item version questionnaire. The logistic regression was performed. Results. Less than one-third (23.0%) of nurses had symptoms of mental distress; 31.9% of nurses had weak sense of coherence. High job demands were associated with mental distress after adjustment for age, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, job control, social support, sense of coherence, family crisis, self-rated health as compared to one year ago (OR=2.15; 95% CI, 1.07–4.30), low job control (OR=1.22; 95% CI, 0.64–2.31), job strain-low social support at work (OR=3.78; 95% CI, 2.08–6.87). Conclusions. Mental distress among the nurses of Kaunas district was associated with adverse psychosocial job characteristics. Job strain-low social support at work was the strongest risk factor for mental distress among nurses. Strong sense of coherence as personal characteristic served as a buffer, protecting nurses against the development of mental health problems.

Background: Investigations on workplace bullying in the countries of Eastern Europe are yet not too extensive. The aim of the study has been to identify the most frequent bullying behavior and to explore the associations with psychological distress and post-traumatic stress symptoms in 3 female-dominated occupations in Kaunas, Lithuania. Material and Methods: This crosssectional study employed 517 teachers (response rate (RR) = 71.3%), 174 family physicians (RR = 65.7%) and 311 internal medicine department nurses (RR = 69.1%). The twenty-two-item Negative Acts Questionnaire was used for measuring the exposure to bullying behavior, Goldberg 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) -psychological distress, Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) inventory -post-traumatic stress symptoms, Karasek & Theorell Demand-Control questionnaire -psychosocial job characteristics. The International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) SPSS Statistics version 20.0 was used for performing the statistical analysis. Logistic regression was used for assessing the associations among 22 negative acts as continuous variable and mental health outcomes adjusting to age, psychosocial factors at work and everyday life. Results: Exposure to workplace bullying behavior on a weekly/daily basis was prevalent among family physicians at the rate of 19%, among nurses -12.9%, among teachers -4.1%. Even after adjustment to age, psychosocial job characteristics and threatening life events, the exposure to 22 negative acts as continuous variable was significantly associated with psychological distress and post-traumatic stress symptoms for all 3 occupations. Conclusions: Health care sector is particularly affected by workplace bullying. Exposure to bullying behavior was associated with mental health problems for all 3 occupations. Preventive measures are necessary to improve psychosocial work environment conditions in healthcare and educational institutions in Lithuania. Med Pr 2017;68(3):307-314

Dilgėlinė – dažna odos liga. Skiriami įvairūs jos tipai ir potipiai. Jie atsispindi klasifikacijoje, kuri sudaryta atsižvelgiant į pūkšlių trukmę, dilgėlinės kartojimosi trukmę, sukeliančiuosius veiksnius. Naujosiose rekomendacijose pa-teikiami įvairių dilgėlinės tipų ir potipių diagnostikos ir gydymo principai atsižvelgiant į šiuolaikinį dilgėlinės priežasčių ir patomechanizmų supratimą. Pateikiamas lėtinės dilgėlinės gydymo algoritmas.

Straipsnyje aptarti alergijos betalaktaminiams antibiotikams diagnostikos bendrieji principai. Atkreiptas dėmesys į alerginių reakcijų antibiotikams klasifikaciją (greitąsias ir negreitąsias reakcijas), padedančią pasirinkti diagnostinius tyrimus, įvertinti kryžmiškumo dažnumą. Greitosios ir negreitosios alerginės reakcijos antibiotikams skiriasi imuniniais mechanizmais, klinikiniais požymiais, diagnostika, prognoze.