The archipelago of Fernando de Noronha is divided into a National Marine Park, intended for the protection of natural resources and an Environmental Protection Area, where human occupation is permitted. Tourist use has caused changes in the island lifestyle, mainly in relation to economic activities and contact with nature. Thus, the present study aimed to analyze the local knowledge and eating habits of the people of Noronha, their preferences and aversions regarding the consumption of fish in the Archipelago of Fernando de Noronha/PE. Data collection was carried out through individual interviews using a script and these were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. It was found, in the research carried out with 81 interviewees, that the preferred fish for consumption are black syrup (Caranx lugubris), piraúna (Cepholopholis fulva), yellowfin (Thunnus albacares), barracuda (Sphyraena barracuda), anchovy (Pomatomus saltatrix), red snapper (Lutjanus spp.) and mackerel (Acantocybium solandri). The relationship between popular knowledge and consumed food resources indicates an important contribution to regional and local conservation initiatives, which are essential to reduce environmental degradation, loss of biodiversity and socioeconomic consequences for local communities. Aversion to reymosed fish was confirmed, such as cangulo (Melichthys niger) and barracuda (Sphyraena barracuda), corroborating with the knowledge found in the literature. Thus, the use of fish in the diet of the residents of Fernando de Noronha showed patterns already indicated in research with other fishing communities where preference, taboos and medicinal use are the main purposes and indicate the knowledge they have about the environment and the available resources