The relationship between homework and academic results has been widely researched. Most of that research has used English-speaking, European or Asian samples, and to date there have been no detailed studies into that relationship in Latin America and the Caribbean. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of quantitative homework characteristics on achievement in science. The sample comprised 61,938 students at 2,955 schools in the 15 Latin American countries (plus the Mexican state of New Leon) which participated in the Third Regional Comparative and Explanatory Study (TERCE), carried out by the Latin American Laboratory for Educational Quality (LLECE) in 2013. The mean age was 12.42 years old (±0.94). Within each country, three hierarchical-linear models were applied at two levels: student and school. The individual level considered time spent doing homework and the school level considered the amount and frequency of homework assignment. In addition, ten control variables were included in order to control the net effect of the characteristics of the homework on the result. The results confirmed that homework is widely assigned in the Latin American region. At the individual level, time spent on homework had little effect on academic performance, while in the quantitative homework characteristics it was the frequency of homework assignment which demonstrated a clearer effect rather than the amount of homework assigned.
persigue entre sus objetivos mitigar la desigualdad en materia de educación y suprimir las discriminaciones en las posibilidades de aprendizaje de grupos desfavorecidos. La investigación sobre la eficacia escolar aborda esta problemática, contribuyendo con un amplio volumen de hallazgos (Scheerens,
RESUMENAntecedentes: Los ítems de ejecución que son calificados por diferentes jueces mediante rúbricas es uno de los mayores desafíos en la evaluación educativa a gran escala y de alto impacto. Es conocido que los efectos del corrector afectan a los resultados de la evaluación. En este contexto, el presente estudio analiza la fiabilidad entre-correctores en la evaluación de la expresión escrita. Método: un grupo de 13 correctores calificaron 375 escritos de estudiantes de 6º curso, siguiendo una rúbrica analítica compuesta de 8 criterios de corrección. Los correctores se asignaron a 13 tribunales siguiendo un diseño de bloques incompletos balanceado. Los análisis realizados buscaron, en primer lugar, confirmar la estructura unidimensional de la rúbrica. A continuación se emplearon diferentes métodos clásicos para estudiar los efectos del corrector, la consistencia intra-juez y el acuerdo entre jueces. Resultados: se encontraron efectos diferenciales entre los correctores. Estas diferencias son importantes cuando se compara el grado de severidad de los jueces. También se encuentran diferencias en la consistencia interna de cada juez y en el acuerdo entre correctores. Este último efecto es especialmente significativo en algunos tribunales. Conclusiones: las diferencias entre correctores pueden tener diferentes fuentes, como son la experiencia, familiaridad con la tarea y grado de entrenamiento con las rúbricas; la naturaleza de la tarea a evaluar o el propio diseño de la rúbrica empleada. ABSTRACTAntecedents: the constructed response test items that are qualified by different correctors with rubrics are one of the biggest challenges for Rater effects in high-impact educational assessments and are applied to large sample groups. It is known that rater bias affects the results of the evaluation. In this context, the present study analyzes the raters’ effects of the corrector on written expression. Method: a group of 13 raters rated 375 written productions of 6th-grade students, following an analytical rubric composed of 8 correction criteria. The raters were assigned to 13 groups of correction following a balanced incomplete block design. The first step of the analysis carried out was to confirm the one-dimensional structure of the rubric. The next and final step used different classical methods to study the raters’ effects, the intra-rater consistency and the agreement between judges. Results: differential effects were found among the raters. These differences are important when the raters’ severity is compared. There are also differences in the internal consistency of each judge and in the agreement between correctors. This last effect is especially significant in some raters’ groups. Discussion: differences between raters may have different sources, such as experience and familiarity with the task; the degree of training with the rubrics; the nature of the test; and the design of the rubric used.
El objetivo de este estudio es analizar el efecto que la Oportunidad de Aprendizaje (OTL) tiene en el desempeño de las escuelas de América Latina, considerando los resultados obtenidos en la prueba de Ciencias Naturales del Tercer Estudio Regional Comparativo y Explicativo (TERCE) de las Naciones Unidas para la Educación la Ciencia y la Cultura (UNESCO). El estudio TERCE se realizó en el año 2013 en quince países de América Latina más el Estado de Nuevo León (México). La muestra estuvo compuesta por 61,937 estudiantes, con edad media de 12.42 años (DT=0.94). El 49.6% son mujeres, el 69.4% asiste a un centro público, el 65.8% a un centro urbano y el 18.1% ha repetido un curso académico. Se ajustaron cuatro modelos jerárquicos lineales de intercepto aleatorios de tres niveles (alumno, escuela y país), empleando el programa HLM 7.01. Entre los principales resultados se observa que, una vez descontadas las variables socioeconómicas y el historial de repetición académica, los factores asociados al clima, a las prácticas de aula, y al desarrollo docente, en tanto que variables de OTL, presentan un margen de mejora destacable en el funcionamiento de las escuelas.
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