RESUMOManutenção e reabilitação são importantes medidas de preservação de azulejos históricos de fachada. No contexto de reabilitação dos materiais, é fundamental o conhecimento de suas características originais. Diante disso, esta pesquisa se propôs a caracterizar a interface azulejo/argamassa em amostras provenientes de fachadas de Ovar – Portugal, referentes ao período entre os séculos XIX e XX. Para tanto, inicialmente foram realizados vários ensaios e avaliações de caracterização das amostras de azulejos (DRX, porosimetria e absorção de água) e de argamassas (DRX, análise química e petrográfica, MEV e profundidade carbonatada). Posteriormente, a interface azulejo/argamassa foi analisada em nível mesoestrutural, em uma lupa esteroscópica, quantificando-se a extensão de argamassa aderida ao tardoz do azulejo. Como resultado dessas análises, constatou-se que a extensão de aderência está relacionada às características dos agregados das argamassas e à configuração do tardoz dos azulejos e não com a relação aglomerante/agregado das argamassas.Palavras-chave: interface; argamassa; cal; azulejo; fachada.ABSTRACTMaintenance and rehabilitation are important measures to preserve the historical tiles of facade. In the materials rehabilitation context, is fundamental the knowledge of the original materials characteristics. Facing that, this research aimed to characterize the tile/mortar interface in samples of facades from Ovar – Portugal, in the period between the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. For this purpose, initially were realized several tests and evaluations to characterize samples of mortars (XRD, petrographic and chemical analysis, TGA, SEM and carbonation depth) and glazed tiles (XRD, MIP and water absorption). Posteriorly, the tile/mortar interface was analyzed in mesostructural level (stereo microscope) quantifying the mortar’s extension adhered to the underside of the tile. As result of these analyses, was observed that the extension of adherence is related to the characteristics of the aggregates of the mortars and to the configuration of the underside of the tile and not to the binder/aggregate ratio of the mortars.Keywords: interface; mortar; lime; glazed tile; facade.
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