Dosing pattern of the conventional drug delivery system results in continuously changing and unpredictable plasma concentrations as this system has modest control on the release of drug along with almost negligible effectual concentration near the site of interest. The problems coupled with conventional drug delivery can be triumphed over by employing osmotic drug delivery systems which are one of the most budding strategies utilizing osmotic pressure to release active pharmaceutical ingredients in an optimized manner at a controlled rate. Various formulation parameters which influence the release of drugs from these systems include: osmotic pressure wielded by the core components, the drug’s solubility, size of the delivery orifice in conjunction with the characteristics of the semipermeable membrane. However, it is completely autonomous of the gastrointestinal tract’s anatomical environment and concomitant ingestion of meal. The aim of this manuscript is to study the earlier osmotic pumps, their working principles along with its limitations and novel approaches having significant benefits over older ones. The current manuscript covers all the aspects of osmotic drug delivery system including its principle of osmosis, the historical background, its advantages and disadvantages, basic components, various factors influencing its design, its various types, and evaluation parameters. Novel approaches of osmotic drug delivery system along with future prospective have also been described.

Bronchial asthma is one of the most common chronic illnesses in childhood, adulthood and pregnancy with a current occurrence of 6-9 percent, but at an alarming rate of increase. Asthma is a complex genetic disorder that is heavily affected by the environment. In association with significant morbidity, quality of life, and healthcare costs, it is putting an increasing strain on our society. Some factors related to pregnancy, i.e., diet-related, antibiotic uses, and stress; childhood risk factors, i.e., lung function, exposure to smoking, animal etc. and adulthood risk factor, i.e., pollution-related etc., are responsible for trends in incidence and mortality due to asthma at a Global level and Indian population. Data were collected from PubMed, Web of Sciences, CINHAL, WHO Clinical trial register, Google Scholar, and official websites of various asthma societies and statistically analyzed using ANOVA tests. Data were analyzed for India and the specific population of the northern region of India during the last five years. Risk factors related to asthma at different stages, i.e., genetic, pregnancy, childhood, and adulthood, were reviewed, and the prevalence of asthma at the Global level, India and northern India, was analyzed and compared. The mean Global prevalence of asthma was found to be 281.3±14.7 (SD), whereas, for India, it was 22.78±8.605. After applying One Way ANOVA, a significant difference (t=48.44, df=4) was found between the Global and Indian prevalence of asthma, i.e., the mean difference of 259.7±11.99. The mean value was found highest in Delhi and Rajasthan, having values of 19.74±11.79 and 13.58±9.47, whereas Chandigarh and Uttar Pradesh recorded asthma’s prevalence as 11.87±7.83 and 4.32±2.32 respectively. Himachal and Haryana acquired almost equal values of asthma at 1.67±0.13 and 1.23±0.33.