Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most prevalent endocrine disorders in females of reproductive age, with a prevalence of 20%-33% in the general population. Interleukin (IL)-34 is a recently explored proinflammatory cytokine and is an important modulator in different disease types. However, the function of IL-34 in PCOS has yet to be investigated. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the IL-34 serum level in women with PCOS and to compare it to that of a relatively healthy control group. Focusing on its relationship with IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Materials and Methods: In this study, blood samples were obtained from 100 women with PCOS and 100 healthy control women for the purpose of estimating their serum levels of IL-34, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. Results: Serum levels of IL-34, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β were all higher in PCOS women than in healthy controls, and the difference was highly statistically significant. Serum IL-34 concentration was positively correlated with IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β concentration. Additionally, serum concentrations of IL-34 were positively correlated with HOMA-IR, triglyceride, and LDL-C. Conclusion: When compared to normal women, IL-34, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β levels were highly statistically significant in PCOS, and these high levels were associated with other cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β), HOMA-IR, triglyceride, and LDL-C.

Objective To investigate the feasibility and safety of Transvaginal Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery (V-NOTES) panhysterectomy. Method A retrospective analysis was conducted on the data of 75 patients who underwent panhysterectomy for hysteromyoma in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Tongxiang Maternal and Child Health Hospital; Department of Gynecology, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University and Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC from June 2019 to June 2020. According to the operation mode, the patients were divided into two groups: the traditional Multi-Port Laparoscopic Surgery (MPLS) group (n = 45) and the Transvaginal Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery (V-NOTES) group (n = 30). The operation duration, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative exsufflation time, postoperative activity time, hospital stay, treatment cost, 6h activities of daily living (ADL) score after the operation, cosmetic score, visual analog score, and complications were observed in the two groups. Results Perioperative period related indicators: Compared with the MPLS group, the total treatment cost and cosmetic score of the V-NOTES group were significantly better than those of the MPLS group, but the operation duration was longer, and the HB decreased more significantly (P < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in intraoperative blood loss, postoperative exsufflation time, postoperative activity time, 6h ADL score after the operation, and hospital stay between the two groups (P > 0.05). Postoperative pain: The VAS score 1h, 6h, 12h, and 24h after the operation was lower in the V-NOTES group than in the MPLS group (P < 0.05). Postoperative complications: The complication rate of the V-NOTES group was significantly lower than that of the MPLS group (P < 0.05). Conclusion In treating panhysterectomy patients, both V-NOTES and MPLS can achieve satisfactory efficacy and prognosis, and both have advantages and disadvantages. Specifically, the V-NOTES surgery has significant advantages such as a lower treatment cost, lower incidence of postoperative complications, less pain, and more beautiful wounds.