Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most prevalent
cause
of diabetic wound infection and amputation. Pyocyanin is one of the
popular markers to identify Pseudomonas infections.
However, no existing sensors are on the verge of being used as a suitable
sensor for detecting pyocyanin in real-world applications. This study
employed a physically cross-linked approach to decorate the surface
of a working electrode with a multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNTs/PVA)
nanocomposite, which increases electron transport, sample absorption,
and biocompatibility. Under optimal conditions, the electrochemical
behavior of a pyocyanin sensor was investigated using cyclic voltammetry
and square wave voltammetry. The developed pyocyanin sensor demonstrated
an excellent analytical range covering a clinically relevant range
of 1–100 μM pyocyanin in various sample matrices including
phosphate buffer, Lysogeny broth, simulated wound exudate, and Mueller–Hinton
broth, showing a detection limit of 0.48, 0.10, 1.63, and 0.39 μM,
respectively, with R
2 > 0.99. The sensor’s
potential wearability and point-of-care capability were demonstrated
by detecting pyocyanin in wounds on ex vivo porcine
skin and an in vivo animal model with excellent biocompatible
property, achieving cell viability of L-929 > 80%. The detection
could
be performed directly in various sample matrices without any preparation
processes. The sensor demonstrated high selectivity and sensitivity
in the presence of common wound interferences. As a result, the proposed
method has the potential to be a promising sensor for the early detection
of P. aeruginosa infection in wounds in the perspective
of wound care technology in the future.
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