The present study seeks to estimate the water balance that results as a product of the variation of precipitation and temperature over the Chaquilcay microcatchment, a natural system that intercepts with the surface of the Aguarongo Protected Forest in Gualaceo, Ecuador. Four meteorological stations of the National Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology (INAMHI) were studied, which are divided into climatological and pluviometric, with time series of over 30 years, (1982-2015 period). In order to quantify the contributions and losses of water, statistical analyzes of the time series and surveys of in situ information were carried out. The methods used are linear regression, streak test and double mass curve. To fill and validate the series of precipitation and temperature, reference temperatures of the isothermal raster of Ecuador were included in the pluviometric stations. Additionally, a digital elevation model (MDE) was used to predict the amount of sunshine, and the Thornthwaite evapotranspiration method (1948) was applied from the obtained data. The results show acceptance of the meteorological records, while in the soil analysis we obtained the following data: Humidity, 62.38%; organic matter, 21.29%; field capacity, 18.71 mm and a flow of 1.89 m³ / s during the month of May. Finally, the water balance indicates 843.7 mm of annual precipitation, a storage difference of 18.71 mm representing 2.22% of total precipitation, an surplus of 144.5 mm, and actual evapotranspiration of 680.5 mm, with 17.13% and 80.65%, respectively.
El presente trabajo estudió el rendimiento del tratamiento biológico mediante un sistema de Contadores Biológicos Rotatorios (CBR) construido a nivel de laboratorio de la Universidad Politécnica Salesiana. Para ello se utilizaron aguas residuales obtenidas de la Planta de Tratamiento de Aguas Residuales de Ucubamba-Cuenca, se llevó a cabo un control y operación mediante la medición de parámetros físico químicos; nitratos, nitritos, cloro, amonio, pH, conductividad, sedimentación, turbidez y demanda química de oxígeno. Para luego establecer el modelo cinético de degradación del sustrato y validación del mismo, con los datos obtenidos en el laboratorio. Finalmente, los resultados experimentales fueron comparados con el modelo teórico, obteniéndose un resultado comparable entre ambos; se comprobó un ajuste experimental con un valor k (coeficiente de degradación de la materia orgánica) igual a 0,056 y con un R2 de 0,85 y 0,97 en el modelo teórico y experimental respectivamente. AbstractThe present work studied the performance of the biological treatment through a system of Rotating Biological Counters (RBC) built at the laboratory of the Universidad Politécnica Salesiana. Wastewater obtained from the Wastewater Treatment Plant of Ucubamba-Cuenca was used, the control and operation was carried out by measuring physical-chemical parameters; nitrates, nitrites, chlorine, ammonium, pH, conductivity, sedimentation, turbidity and chemical oxygen demand. Next, the kinetic model of substrate degradation was established and validation of the model was done with the data obtained in the laboratory. Finally, the experimental results were compared with the theoretical model, obtaining a comparable result between both; an experimental fit was verified with a k value (coefficient of degradation of organic matter) equal to 0,056 and with an R2 of 0.85 and 0.97 in the theoretical and experimental model respectively.
El artículo expone los resultados del tratamientoelectroquímico en fangos residuales provenientes deuna Planta de Tratamiento de Aguas Residuales (PTAR)mediante la operación de una planta piloto, conformadapor tres cubas o celdas electrolíticas, cuyos electrodosfueron placas de cobre y grafito a diferentes distancias:7.5, 15 y 12 cm en las cubas A, B y C respectivamente,en ellas se dispusieron aproximadamente 6,800 cm3de fango hidratado con cloruro de sodio al 12%. Lasplacas que estaban en contacto con el fango fueronexpuestas a una corriente continua de 12 voltios, setomaron 4 muestras en cada una de las 3 cubas, queobedecen a tiempos de contacto de 1 a 4 horas. En lafase de laboratorio se midieron: pH, conductividad,temperatura, humedad, hipoclorito de sodio y se analizóla reducción de la concentración de aluminio y huevoshelmintos después de los tratamientos. Se encontróque el porcentaje de aluminio residual es igual paracualquiera de las celdas A, B o C; sin embargo, la celdaB posee una menor dispersión según el estadístico deLevene. Se alcanzó además una remoción del 100% dehuevos de helmintos en todos los ensayos.
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