Objective: To evaluate the effects of four weeks of ®sh oil supplementation on apolipoprotein B100 production and lipoprotein metabolism in normolipidaemic males. Design and subjects: Very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) apolipoprotein B100 (apoB100) kinetics in ten healthy, white males, aged 22±43 y (mean 32 y) were investigated using a 13 C-leucine technique and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry before and after ®sh oil supplementation. Intervention: All subjects received 10 g (1.8 g EPA, 1.2 g DHA)ad of ®sh oil concentrate for four weeks. Results: Fish oil supplementation resulted in a decrease of total plasma VLDL (mean AE s.d. 1.11 AE 0.41 vs 0.87 AE 0.28 mmolal, P`0.05) and triacylglycerol concentrations (0.74 AE 0.27 vs 0.48 AE 0.21 mmolal, P`0.01). VLDL apoB100 pool size was decreased without alteration of the fractional synthetic rate but a signi®cant decrease of apoB100 production (2.23 AE 0.90 vs 1.54 AE 0.52 mgadlah, P`0.02). Following ®sh oil supplementation plasma concentrations of glucose and insulin as well as lipoprotein and hepatic lipase activities were unchanged. Fasting plasma concentrations of non-esteri®ed fatty acid (NEFA) were decreased (0.45 AE 0.12 vs 0.33 AE 0.10 mmolal, P`0.05). Conclusions: Dietary supplementation with ®sh oil in healthy males results in decreased VLDL-triacylglycerol concentrations through a decrease in VLDL particle synthesis. The decrease in NEFA substrate supply also contributes. Sponsorship: Fish oil (Maxepa 1 ) was supplied by Seven Seas Ltd, Hull, England, free of charge. Dr OAF Bodamer was funded by the`Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft' (Bo 1193a1-2).

Educational attainment affects cognitive function in older inpatients. The strong association between cognitive impairment and nutritional variables suggests that every effort to improve nutritional status is needed in approaching cognitive impairment in older patients.

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Extreme aged die mainly of cardiovascular and respiratory diseases and, in most cases, of acute events. Senescence is a rare cause of death. Death from cancer is substantially lower than in persons dying at younger ages. In contrast to no autopsy studies, most extreme aged in our study were found to have specific diseases that explained their deaths.

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