Soil is a mixture of minerals, gases, liquids and organisms that together forms the basis of life. The inherent capacity of soil to provide essential nutrients to crops describes the soil in terms of fertility. In the present study physico-chemical analysis of soils in Madanapalle town was analysed by selecting eight different villages and from each village 3 surface (0-15cm) soil samples were collected and analysed for physical and chemical parameters by using standard laboratory techniques. Accordingly it is found that soils are low in available nitrogen and available sulphur content with a mean value of 248.7 kg ha -1 and 0.25 mg kg -1 , Medium to low in available phosphorus with a mean value of 13.7 kg/ha and medium to high in exchangeable potassium with a mean value of 481.6 kg ha -1 . The pH of the soil samples were found to be neutral to alkaline in nature with a mean value 7.54. The electrical conductivity of soils was found to be free from salinity as the mean value was 0.45 dSm -1 . The organic carbon status of soils was found to be medium to high with a mean value of 0.59. Nutrient index value of Madanapalle town was found to be high for organic carbon (2.45), low for nitrogen (1.41), low for phosphorus (1.62), high for potassium (2.58) and low for sulphur (1.00). The results strongly recommend that still improvement has to be done to improve the soil quality by practicing the better cropping systems instead of continuous cropping.

Water is an important natural resource on the surface of earth. Approximately 70% of the water is utilized in the agricultural sectors. Yamuna River having a total drainage area of 366,220 sq Kilometer's is now highly prone to pollution causing a major threat to the water quality. The present investigation was carried at Sam Higginbottom University of agriculture technology and sciences in the department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry lab. In this study, a total of 24 water samples were collected on 01 November 2020 in Chaka block of Prayagraj district and from each village 3 water samples were collected and analyzed for their primary and secondary irrigation water quality parameters by using standard laboratory techniques. Through this, the results stated that pH is in the range of 6.22-7.34 with mean valve 6.74, EC in the range of 0.61-1.13 dS m -1 with mean valve 0.83, and Irrigation water quality index was in the range of 107.6-177.8, where 100% of the water samples are in poor condition. These analyses concluded that still, improvement has to be done to improve irrigation water quality. Keywords: Irrigation water quality, Chaka block, Yamuna and water quality index main source of water come from surface water which is now under environment stress due to development of infrastructures, industrial extant, agricultural activities. Sufficient amount of water quality is necessary to supply water for agricultural land. Water quality differ from place to place, with the climate factors, with the environmental variations and types of soil and rocks along which it moves. Water from rain moves through the ground, the water dissolve minerals in rocks and soil, but commonly dissolved substance in water are salts or minerals, are referred as dissolved solids include common constituents and plant constituents (Gail, 2014) [4] . Rivers are precious elements of mother nature. Rivers play major role in integrating and organizing the landscape (Das, 2018) [6] . Yamuna originates Yamunotri Glacier of Uttar Kashi in Uttar Pradesh. The Yamuna River is one of the important rivers of India. It is the second largest tributary of the river Ganga. It has four main tributaries in the Himalayan region: Rishi Ganga, Hanuman Ganga, Tons and Giri (Upadhyay, 2013). It flows through the states of Delhi, Haryana, and Uttar Pradesh were merges with the Ganga at Triveni Sangam, Prayagraj district. The total Length around 1,370 kilometers with a total drainage of 366,220 sq kilometers. In the world, Yamuna is the polluted river, where about 22 discharge drains waste water are released in water (Misra, 2010) [10] . Approximately 57 million people are depending on the river for their basic needs. Irrigation is an important use of Yamuna river water. In the entire Yamuna basin about 12.3 million hectares are irrigated lands and approximately 49% of land is irrigated from surface water (CPCB, 2006) [5] . The concentration and composition of soluble salts in water determines Irrigation water quality (Zaman, 2018) [11] . Water quality des...

The present investigation was carried at Sam Higginbottom university of Agriculture Technology and Sciences in the department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry lab. In this study, a total of 24 soil samples were collected from eight different villages on 01 November 2020 in Chaka block of Prayagraj district and from each village 3 soil samples were collected and analyzed for their Physico-chemical parameters by using standard laboratory techniques. According to the critical limits of soil nutrients the results observed, 70 to 80% soil samples were in low to medium range for  Nitrogen (N) (51-648 kg ha-1), Phosphorus (P) (0 – 48 kg ha-1) and Potassium (K) (78.4 – 392 kg ha-1). The micro-nutrients (Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu) of soil samples are observed deficiency range due to inverse relationship with pH i.e., increase in pH causes reduction in availability of Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu. According to the Nutrient Index Values,   Chaka block was found to be medium category for Organic carbon (2.25), Nitrogen (1.70), Phosphorous (2.29), and Manganese (1.70). Low category was found in Potassium (1.37), Sulphur (1.29), Zinc (1.08) and Iron (1.41). High category was found in Copper (2.66). The results showed that  improvement has to be done for improving soil fertility and quality by practicing the improving cropping pattern, decomposition of organic waste, mulching and tillage practices.

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