Objectives: To examine knowledge of and adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern (MDP) among Greek adolescents, assess associations between MDP knowledge and adherence with BMI, and determine socio-cultural factors predicting MDP compliance. Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: Greek adolescents aged 15-17 years. Subjects: Two hundred adolescents (103 females, ninety-seven males) from six schools on the Greek island of Chios. The sampling procedure was similar for all schools; schools were randomly selected from different geographic areas and all municipalities. BMI was calculated from measured height and weight; participants completed four questionnaires assessing parents' socio-economic status and education, adolescents' perceived and actual MDP knowledge, past-week dietary habits, and MDP adherence.