Trans-boundary Rivers are one of the major causes of conflict among the riparian states. Mathabhanga Churni is one of such 54 shared rivers between India and Bangladesh flowing in the Ganga Brahmaputra river basin which is a major source of fresh water as well as livelihood support to the people of its riverbanks for various reasons. The water quality of Churni deteriorated due to industrial waste disposal by a company, located in Bangladesh, in the river Churni. Moreover, in Indian side there are open defecation in the river Churni along with industrial and municipal waste disposal which are responsible for degradation of water quality affecting the livelihood of the common people of the riverbank of both sides. Initiatives have been taken to revive the course of river and purify its water quality by the National Green Tribunal, local environmental activists, like-minded people and organizations through awareness programme and protest. The article argues that initiatives for revival of the river Churni were taken by local activists and Government agencies but there is an acute absence of trans-boundary attention from both sides. While both the countries are busy with the Teesta and the Ganga as a result diplomatic parleys, government officials seem to have ignored the issue of pollution in the river Churni which can actually act as a catalyst for inculcating trans-boundary water diplomacy. It finds that diplomatic or bilateral engagements, issues revolving around Centre-State relations also need to be addressed in order to prevent an ecological disaster on both sides of the boundary and also to sustain livelihoods.

Classification of concrete is often most feasible means for measuring the durability and has become progressively over the past 20 years. The present study is focused on the capability of concrete to improve its durability when the concrete is subjected to the highly aggressive environments. Existing concrete in cold or coastal regions are affected by chloride penetration under the freeze-thaw cycles. This collective deterioration process quickens the damage advancement of concrete and reduces the service life of the structures. In real life the structure may face numerous deterioration contrivances due to environmental factors surrounded by the concrete. A variety of laboratory test method were used for the determination of durability, which provide number of results, such as rapid chloride penetration value, electrical conductivity, water absorption rate in concrete. For evaluating the durability of concrete, to a single contrivance of deterioration, the techniques were economical and appropriate. For determining the durability of concrete the Ordinary Portland Cement was used.

The Universal Remote Console (URC) framework enables pluggable user interfaces. It is suitable for applications where the "one-size-fits-all approach" fails due to a heterogeneous user group with diverse needs and preferences. This paper reports about research and development work aiming at extending the URC's adapt-at-design-time approach by a complementary adaptat-runtime approach. A new component (GenURC) within the URC environment generates a personal and context-driven user interface in a two-step process. A rich grouping file is used as an intermediate user interface description, containing "flexion points" for runtime adaptations based on the use context. This will allow for the integration of the URC framework with the GPII user preference model.

No abstract

Cedrus deodara is one of the most useful tree species. Almost every part of the plant has good properties. Cedrus deodara has been an important tree due to its Ethnobotanical uses, Traditional uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology. From last decade, there has been a great progress in the medicinal perspectives of Deodara. Deodara has its utility in folklore medicines. Phytochemistry studies showed the presence of various useful compounds in the Deodara tree. Also, the oil of Cedrus deodara has a characteristic fragrance. C. deodara is also having traditional and ethnobotanical uses. Since Vedic period, various parts of this plant are being used for medicinal purposes.It is also believed that various respiratory diseases can be just cured by just sitting under this tree. In present, Deodara is seen as an important tree in point of view of research. It has its applications in Timber too [1]. This paper is focussed on the traditional and medicinal aspects of Cedrus deodara.