The need for operative treatment also comes from injury, degeneration, and illnesses. This typically includes removing skeletal components such as ankles, legs, finger joints, wrists, vertebrae, jaws, and other essential organ systems such as the liver, heart, skin, etc. 1 These materials are indicative as a distinctive group of biomedical well-designed materials that most likely conducted a wide range of biological functions in the absence of the specific living tissue/organ, as a consequence, replace the issues found with the defective tissue/ organ and assist the living organism. 1,2 These structural and
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