In an attempt to modify fibrous protein, poly(vinyl acetate) has been graft copolymerized onto Himachali wool in an aqueous medium by using Fenton's reagent as redox initiator. Graft copolymerizations were carried out at 25, 30, 35, 40, and 45°C for a period of 3 hr. Percentage grafting was found to be dependent upon reaction temperature, concentration of monomers, and the molar ratio of [H2O2]/[Fe+2]. Maximum grafting occurred at 45°C with a molar ratio of [H2O2]/[Fe+2] = 1.43. A small amount of grafting (2.6–2.8%) occurred when grafting was effected at 45°C in the presence of Fe+2 alone.

SynopsisPoly(methy1 acrylate) has been grafted onto wool by using ceric ion as redox initiator in an aqueous medium. Initiation by ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) was carried out in the presence of nitric acid of varying concentration a t 35,45, and 50°C for a period of 1.5 or 3 hr. Percent grafting was found to be dependent on concentrations of acid and monomer, reaction time, and temperature. Above 45"C, a considerable amount of homopolymer was formed; a t 35OC, very little grafting of poly(methy1 acrylate) was observed. Nitric acid catalyzed the reaction and a concentration of 0.17-0.19M HN03 was found suitable.

SynopsisGrafting of polystyrene (PS) onto wool has been carried out in aqueous medium by use of benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as initiator in the presence of an acetic acid-pyridine mixture which acted as a pH modifier. Percent grafting was found to be dependent on concentration of acetic acid and pyridine, concentration of monomer, concentration of BPO, and reaction temperature. The role of pH modifier upon BPO-initiated grafting is established by the observation that no grafting occurred when one of the components of the pH modifier was absent.

SynopsisGrafting of poly(methy1 acrylate) onto wool has been carried out in an aqueous medium at 45 f l0C by using ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) in the presence of triethylamine, diethylamine, nbutylamine, triethanolamine, and N,N-dimethylaniline. The percentage of grafting varied with the nature and concentrations of the amines. Reactivity of the different amines toward grafting reactions followed the order: triethylamine > diethylamine > n-butylamine > triethanolamine 3 N,N-dimethylaniline. In the presence of N,N-dimethylaniline grafting did not occur. An attempt has been made to explain the observed reactivity of Ce4+ in various amine systems in graft copolymerization reactions.

With the insurance sector in full bloom, today, it would not be wrong to say that in the present market scenario, there is an insurance available for just about anything and everything. Insurance is no doubt an area of immense importance with regard to the financial and monetary sectors of every individual. The whole idea behind insurance is, it is a security tool which is designed to secure the financial status of an individual and also of his/her dependents, in case he/she undergoes an unforeseen loss related to health, property or liability. Insurance sector in India has been growing continuously after its opening up for private players in 1999. Therefore an attempt has been made in this paper to study the growth of Indian insurance sector with reference to the growth of insurance sector in top ten economies of the world. To study the growth and opportunities in the insurance sector, premium income, growth in premium income, insurance density and insurance penetration have been measured. The measure of insurance penetration and density reflects the level of development of insurance sector in a country. While insurance penetration is measured as the percentage of insurance premium to GDP, insurance density is calculated as the ratio of premium to population.