Background: Facial trauma patients were analyzed to determine the incidence, type, presentation, management, and outcome of fractures of the mandible. Methods: The 61 patients admitted in the trauma units of Dayanand medical college Ludhiana were analyzed prospectively during a period of two years (January 2010-December 2012). Results: In patients with multiple fractures, the common combination included zygoma and mandible (35.2%) and Le Fort II, mandible and nasoethmoid (41.2%). Out of 35 patients with mandible fractures, 8 had bilateral and 27 had single fractures making a total of 43 fractures. The body of mandible. 46.5% followed by the angle 34.8%, symphysis 9.3%, and parasymphysis 4.6% ramus and condoyle in 2.3% each were seen. Of the single mandibular fractures, the body and angle were almost equally affected in 48% and 44% cases, respectively. Isolated fracture of symphysis and parasymphysis was seen in 3.7% cases each. Isolated fracture of the ramus or condyle was not seen in any case. Half of the angle fractures were treated by wiring while shown in 1/4th each, plating and external fixation was used for treatment. Almost half (6/13) of fractures of the body were treated with external fixation. All bilateral fractures were treated with bone plating. Conclusions: Road traffic accidents are the major cause of these fractures. Mandibular fractures are commonly associated with fractures of other facial bones. The fracture line commonly seen is in the body of mandible, followed by the angle.

Background: Drug induced hearing impairment is likely in subjects undergoing multiple blood transfusions which necessitates timely detection and rehabilitation, especially in the pediatric age group.Methods: A total 30 thalassemic patients undergoing regular iron chelation therapy with Desferrioxamine and Deferasirox were included in this prospective study. Follow up studies were conducted after 12 months of chelation therapy i.e. after 1 year thus spanning a total duration of 1 years.Results: The most common age group was 4-8 years (46%) followed by 8-12 years (20%). Male patients outnumbered female patients in the ratio of 2.75:1 constituting 73% of study population oral Deferasirox (80%) followed Desferrioxamine (13.3%) and a combination therapy (6.6%). The distribution shows shift of pure tone average in higher thresholds with continuation of therapy.Conclusion: Despite Desferrioxamine doses usually felt to be low risk for ototoxicity (less than 40 mg/kg/day), found a high rate of ototoxicity in our patients using pure tone audiometry (23%).

Background: Facial trauma patients were analyzed to determine the time of presentation at the trauma unit following, fractures of the naso-orbital and maxilla-mandibular region.Methods: This prospective study was conducted at Dayanand medical college and hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, for a period of two years from January 2015 to June 2017. 61 patients admitted in the maxillofacial trauma unit were analyzed.Results: The males outnumbered the females in the ratio of 5: 1. The maximum numbers of patients 33 patients (54%) were seen in the age group 21-30 years and minimum at extremes of age. Vehicular trauma was the predominant etiology, noted in 44 cases (72.13%). Most of the patients, i.e., 85 cases (95.1%) of the fractures, were seen within 24 hours of sustaining trauma. Only 2 cases (2.4%) of fracture were admitted on the second day. The only case of orbital blow out fracture reported 41⁄2 months after injury.Conclusions: Most (93.4%) of the patients with facial fractures presented on the same day of injury. 2 cases of zygomatic fracture presented on the 2nd day and one on the 3rd day.

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Tympanoplasty involves reconstitution of the tympano-ossicular system with commonly. fascia of the temporalis muscle, situated in its proximity. The fascia is grafted on the residual tympanic membrane by placing it either over it or below it, after creating a raw surface. The former is the overlay and latter, the underlay technique. In this study on restitution of the ear drum utilizing the overlay and underlay techniques, an exhaustive analysis of the two modalities has been done, taking into consideration various variables individually. The surgical outcome wrt to graft uptake and hearing gain has been compared in "depth" with extensive studies undertaken in India and abroad. The unbiased tabulated comparison of each aspect is unique and would guide future researchers to opt the ideal modality.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Tympanoplasty was undertaken in chronic safe suppurative otitis media with the underlay and overlay techniques in a study group of 40 patients in this prospective study. The patients were randomly divided into equal groups for either procedure.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> In the cohort of 40 subjects successful graft uptake was observed in 16 (80%) with overlay technique and 17 (85%) with underlay technique. Graft rejection was reported in 4 (20%) and 3 (15%) cases with overlay and underlay techniques respectively. Hearing improvement was 56.25% in 10-20 dB range in Overlay. Whereas, with underlay it was 47.05% in 10-2 dB.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Overlay technique is ideal for anterior and central perforations while underlay for subtotal and posterior perforations. In terms of hearing improvement, the fibrosis during graft uptake makes the results of either technique unpredictable.</p>

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