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<p><strong>Background:</strong> Cervical lymph node status is the most significant prognostic factor in the treatment of patients with OSCC. Adequate clearance of level IIb lymph nodes require traction and elevation of the spinal accessory nerve (SAN) and can lead to consequent shoulder problems.Therefore, avoiding the dissection of level IIb has been increasingly proposed to overcome this complication. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of level IIb metastasis in patients with oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 106 newly diagnosed oral cavity cancer patients requiring surgery as the primary modality were included in the study. Preoperative clinical examinations were done and tumor-node-metastasis staging was noted. Intraoperative, level IIb nodal tissue was dissected and sent separately.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 106 neck dissections were done out of which male: female ratio of 2.78:1. 49.05% patients were suffering from buccal mucosa carcinoma followed by tongue carcinoma (22.64%). 52.83% of patients had no neck involvement. Among neck positive cases, pN1 was the most common presentation. Out of these, only 8 (7.54%) neck dissections had level IIb positive.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Dissection of the level IIb region in patients with OSCC may be required only in cases with advanced N stage, positive level IIa lymph nodes, and extra capsular spread. Further evaluation can be done among various subsites of OSCC, clinical staging of tumour, occult bilateral nodal metastasis to assess the need of resection of level IIb in OSCC.</p>

<p><strong>Background: </strong>Aim and objectives of the study was to evaluate various factors affecting outcome in cochlear implant surgery.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A hospital based retrospective observational study in which 51 patients who underwent cochlear implant surgery from July 2017 to January 2019 were evaluated at Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Memorial Hospital, Byculla, Mumbai using 3 parameters i.e. Revised CAP score (CAP), meaningful auditory integration scale (MAIS), speech intelligibility rating (SIR) at various intervals postoperatively and outcome was evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>It was found that the postoperative mean scores in all age groups were comparable but not significant at 3, 6 and 9 months interval while the difference was statistically significant at 12 and 24 months interval post implantation with less than 2 years age group performing better than other age groups patients with less than 2 years duration of auditory deprivation, the mean scores were found to be statistically significant at 12 and  24 months implantation Relationship to common causes such as prenatal infections, low birth weight, prolonged labour, hyperbilirubinemia, meningitis and consanguineous marriage were considered but not significant. No significant difference was observed in parent’s education level, urban-rural population to the outcome of cochlear implantation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Two most important factors that affect the outcome cochlear implantation are the age at implantation and the duration of auditory deprivation. Other factors are important but not significant and do not affect the outcome significantly.</p>