Parvovirus B19 infection is involved in several clinical manifestations such as erythema infectiosum, chronic arthritis, hydrops fetalis, and transient aplastic crisis in patients with sickle cell anemia and pure red cell aplasia in immunocompromised hosts. This virus can lead to self-limited anemia in healthy individuals; however, it can develop into chronic anemia in immunocompromised cases. →What this article adds: The present study evaluated the association between anemia and B19V in HIV patients. Also, the threat of B19V is limited in the HIV patients receiving ART, whereas persistent B19 viremia in the untreated patients may lead to anemia.