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In chronic dialysis patients the spatial QRS-T angle is a significant and independent predictor of all-cause and especially sudden cardiac death. It implies that this parameter can be used to identify high risk patients.

Our results suggest that primary prophylactic ICD therapy in patients with a left ventricular ejection fraction <40% and ischaemic or non-ischaemic heart disease is cost-effective in the European setting.

Conclusion: Zones of conduction block, regional differences in signal amplitude, and multiple endocardial breakthrough sites are frequent causes for mismatch between BSM and basket catheter activation