This investigation was designed to determine if velopharyngeal function during speech production, as reflected in measures of nasal air flow, differs with age in adults. Eighty subjects were studied, 40 women and 40 men, representing four age groups (20–30, 40–50, 60–70, and 80+ years). Results showed no age-related differences in nasal air flow. Sex-related differences in flow were found on productions of nasal consonants only. These findings do not support the suggestion of Hutchinson, Robinson, and Nerbonne (1978) that velopharyngeal function deteriorates with age.

Project outcomes have wide applications across many health professions.

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This pa1)er presents a more detailed study of the sugars occui,i+ig in the polysaccliai*ides of aquatic snails, with particular c1iiipliasis 011 tliosc of tlic reproductive tract and eggs. RIATERIAI, A M ) MIETlIODSS l Z n il s T\'hole snails and isolated organs were employed as follows :1. Australorbis gltrbrntus, Venezuelan strain, laboratoryreared. TThole adult snails, isolated albumen glands, and egg clutclies of various ages ~v c r c uscd.2. Lpiizncrecc s t n g w l i s , laboratory-reared from \\'isconsin speciirieiis. K h o l e atlult siiails, freshly liatclied snails, isolatetl albumen glands, niuciparous glands, ootliccal glands, seniinal vesicles, upper and lower ljrostittcs, cntire egg clutches of vilrious ages, eggs, iiieiiil)i.aiiw, antl mucus isolated from fresh clutches were employed.3. Aplexci izifciis, 1al)oi.atory-rcai.etl from Tcxan material. Oiily isolated albunien glaiitls \\-ore usetl.4. Lei 11 isf cs li olf e n itr 11 u s , 1 a1 )orat ory-i*carcd f Toni Egypt iaii spcciiiiciis. This spcicJi