Examining the competitiveness of public transport plays an important role because through public transport, the transport of passengers to schools, public healthcare establishments and work is ensured. In addition, transportation for vulnerable groups of passengers (students, seniors) is provided. On the other hand, public transport constitutes a financial burden on public budgets. The aim of this paper is to point out that public transport does not have an equal status in the transport market within the European Union. In the states of Central and Eastern Europe, public transport had a dominant position in the transport market in the 90s. Nowadays, the market share is declining, particularly in the bus transport, with the rising costs for public budgets regarding an increase in individual motoring. The aim of this paper is to highlight the possibilities of increasing the competitiveness of public transport by integrating different components of public transport. Another aim is to define the possibilities of financing public transport. Keywords: competitiveness, transport, passenger transport, financing, source JEL Classification: R48, H40 INTRODUCIONThe EU transport strategy prefers the transport of passengers by public passenger transport to individual transport because the use of public passenger transport results in meeting all the goals of the EU strategy in the field of road safety. It relates mainly to the stabilization of the increased road transport claims on infrastructure. This expansion is problematic especially in built-up areas. Construction of a new expressway infrastructure caused by an increasing transport operation is a long-standing problem due to the ageing of population in the EU. The support of public passenger transport brings a lower fuel consumption. This is the way how to attain another objective of the EU strategy in the field of transport, which is the reduction of the EU's dependence on crude oil as a raw material that needs to be imported to the EU. Emission of air pollutants is another strategic goal that is fulfilled due to a lower diesel fuel consumption (Konečný at all, 2016). Based on the considerations from above, it has been concluded that the strategic objectives of the EU transport policy are achieved when population use the public passenger transport. In this regard, it has to be noted that it is necessary to support the public passenger transport and its competitiveness in relation to the individual automobile transport , (Simionescu, 2016). The aim of this paper is to identify the importance of public passenger transport and to define the effective method to increase public transport competitiveness. The increasing fare being dependent on an increasing transport service quality causes a decrease in transport service demand. The price elasticity of transport demand for public mass transport is -0.32 (Konečný at all, 2016), therefore, the aim Journal of CompetitivenessJournal of Competitiveness of the paper is to except the optimization of transport service and to...

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The paper deals with the issue of efficiency of public passenger transport through financial support from public funds from the perspective of improving road safety. The aim is to verify the hypothesis that financing public passenger transport from public funds is a significant tool to influence the number of passengers carried by individual automobile transport, and thus it can be used a tool for influencing road safety in a particular territory. The first part of the paper analyses the sources for financial support of public passenger transport. The next part describes the assumptions for improving road safety through increasing the support of public passenger transport. The last part analyses possible impacts of financing public passenger transport on the road safety in relation to the specified hypothesis.

The paper deals with the issue of different market access for the transport procurement in the EU in context of open market of providing forwarding services. It highlights different requirements of market access in freight forwarding. The article proposes conditions of market access unification in freight forwarding based on analysis of the existing situation. It also refers to the different responsibility of freight forwarder depending on membership in the national associations of freight forwarders. The contribution analyses the limitation of liability in freight forwarding and shows differences in contract of freight forwarding for particular shipments by model examples. There is also pointed to the need for the development of uniform freight forwarding conditions in the EU.

The question of how to regulate the salaries of drivers working in the international road transport sector to balance the promotion of free movement of persons and the integration of the market with adequate protection of workers' rights is rather complex. The range of problems of those seeking to ensure fair competition and fair treatment of employees arises from the fact that drivers operate across Europe but come from different countries where wage standards are significantly different, along with the working conditions. The paper addresses the issue of insufficient harmonization of social conditions in relation to the remuneration of drivers involved in road transport. The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether there are differences in driver remuneration across the EU, even though they carry out the same transport within one EU territory as part of international road haulage. It also aims to identify whether there is a change in the terms and conditions of wage compensation over time.