Ventral pallidum DRD3 potentiates a pallidohabenular circuit driving accumbal dopamine release and cocaine seeking Highlights d DRD3-mediated plasticity in the VP drives post-abstinence cocaine-seeking behavior d VP DRD3 signaling regulates dopamine release in the NAc latSh during seeking d VP DRD3 + projections to the LHb and VTA display differing activity during seeking d DRD3 signaling/activity of LHb-projecting VP DRD3 + neurons drives seeking behavior

As a part of the central nervous system, the retina may reflect both physiologic processes and abnormalities related to diseases of the brain. Indeed, a concerted effort has been put forth to understand how Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology may manifest in the retina as a means to assess the state of the AD brain. The development and refinement of ophthalmologic techniques for studying the retina in vivo have produced evidence of retinal degeneration in AD diagnosed patients. In this review, we will discuss retinal imaging techniques implemented to study the changes in AD retina as well as highlight the recent efforts made to correlate such findings to other clinical hallmarks of AD to assess the viability of the retina as a biomarker for AD.

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