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Although WS-BusinessActivity and BPEL4WS Long-Running Transaction (LRT) are conceptually very similar and are both designed to support the execution of complex business transactions, they differ in a large number of aspects. This is particularly true because BPEL4WS, unlike WS-BusinessActivity, was not designed to support distributed coordination. This paper comprehensively discusses the similarities and differences between WS-BusinessActivity and BPEL4WS LRT and demonstrates the two concepts on the basis of a joint example. The proposal is to replace BPEL4WS' concept of compensation handlers with a more comprehensive handler type -coordination handlers -that communicate only via SOAP messages and thus make WS-BusinessActivity redundant.

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