Vitamin D is an important substance that has a pleiotropic range of action in the human body. Its important role is to influence the cells of the immune system and regulate the body's inflammatory response. Many physiological processes at the immune level have been discovered to prove this. Vitamin D deficiency is common and results mainly from limited sun exposure at certain latitudes or from insufficient dietary supply. This likely increases the risk of many diseases, including autoimmune diseases. Numerous evidence shows that also in skin diseases such as AD or psoriasis, the level of calcitriol is of great importance, and its supplementation in the prevention and treatment of these diseases promotes frequent remissions and improves the clinical condition of patients. Therapy with high doses of vitamin D analogues can be effective and safe. The exact knowledge of the properties of this vitamin probably allows for its real and effective use in the treatment of skin diseases. However, numerous large-scale studies are still needed to more accurately determine the dosage, effects of this therapy and to use this preparation with certainty and the highest possible effectiveness in everyday medical practice.

Introduction and purpose of the work: Sleep is essential for the proper functioning of the body. Adequate quality and quantity of sleep affects metabolic processes, including glucose metabolism, as well as the sensitivity of tissues to insulin, the reduction of which is called insulin resistance. It leads to an increased production of glucose in order to maintain normal blood glucose levels. Insulin resistance is a modifiable risk factor of, inter alia, type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study is to summarize the current knowledge on the relationship between sleep deprivation and an increased risk of developing insulin resistance. State of knowledge: Sleep undoubtedly has a strong influence on glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity. Numerous studies show that even partial sleep deprivation lowers insulin sensitivity. The available literature shows that shift work and a shifted bedtime, combined with an insufficient amount of it, lead to a significant reduction in insulin sensitivity. The positive effect of increasing the time of night rest on the sensitivity of tissues to insulin may be an element of the prevention of diseases such as obesity or type 2 diabetes. Moreover, disturbances in sleep continuity lead to formation of insulin resistance. An example would be obstructive sleep apnea, the treatment of which affects metabolic processes. Summary: Adequate sleep hygiene is an extremely important part of a healthy lifestyle. More research is needed on the relationship between sleep and the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism, due to the fact that the appropriate sleep-wake rhythm may give hope for improvement in health in people with metabolic disorders and may be an important protective factor for many diseases.

Introduction and purpose of the work : Commonly Z-drugs, especially zolpidem , are considered safer than short-acting drugs benzodiazepines . Recently, more and more is said about the abuse of these relatively harmless drugs. The aim of this study is to collect scientific reports on the increasing abuse of these drugs. State of knowledge: There are many reports of zolpidem abusers and addicts in the available literature . These people belong to three groups of patients: the first is people with insomnia who develop tolerance, the second is recreational use, and the third is people with mental disorders. Taking increased doses of zolpidem causes a psychostimulant effect, increased activity during sleep, up to delusions and psychotic symptoms. Rapid discontinuation of high doses of the drug should be performed in a hospital setting. Summary : Physicians should be advised to remain vigilant during therapy with group Z drugs and to check that the patient is not receiving the drug from multiple sources and is not taking zolpidem in supra-therapeutic doses .

Magnesium is a very important macronutrient in the human body. Its main storage is bones. The correct concentration of this macronutrient within the normal range is necessary for the proper functioning of the body. Deficiency of this element negatively affects the entire body. One of the symptoms of magnesium deficiency is depression and other psychiatric disorders. The factors explaining the mechanism of magnesium's antidepressant effect are not fully understood, however, a relationship between magnesium deficiency and the pathogenesis of depression has been demonstrated. Supplementation with preparations of this element improves the condition in ill people with depression. [3][6]

Magnesium is a macronutrient that is very important for the proper functioning of the human body. Deficiency of this element is crucial in the development of many disorders in the proper functioning of many organ systems. The optimal level of magnesium has a significant influence on the functioning of the cardiovascular system, among others. Although the factors showing the mechanism of lowering blood pressure by magnesium ions are not fully understood, the influence of the correct concentration of magnesium in the human body on cardiovascular protection is beyond doubt. Magnesium supplementation produces positive effects in the functioning of blood vessels and in maintaining blood pressure within the normal range. In our article, we focused on the role of magnesium in maintaining normal blood pressure at the molecular, cellular and tissue levels, as well as on the impact of magnesium supplementation on reducing blood pressure.