Context The novel influenza A(H1N1) pandemic affected Australia and New Zealand during the 2009 southern hemisphere winter. It caused an epidemic of critical illness and some patients developed severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and were treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Objectives To describe the characteristics of all patients with 2009 influenza A(H1N1)associated ARDS treated with ECMO and to report incidence, resource utilization, and patient outcomes. Design, Setting, and Patients An observational study of all patients (n=68) with 2009 influenza A(H1N1)-associated ARDS treated with ECMO in 15 intensive care units (ICUs) in Australia and New Zealand between June 1 and August 31, 2009. Main Outcome Measures Incidence, clinical features, degree of pulmonary dysfunction, technical characteristics, duration of ECMO, complications, and survival.

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