Résumé -Les exostoses buccales sont des tumeurs osseuses bénignes des maxillaires qui se manifestent par des excroissances osseuses exophytiques. L'objectif de cette étude était d'effectuer une revue de la littérature sur ce sujet. Les données épidémiologiques, remontant pour certaines à plus d'un siècle, révèlent de grandes disparités selon les populations et les auteurs. La fréquence et la répartition des exostoses buccales diffèrent d'une population à l'autre. La susceptibilité génétique, les forces masticatoires et les parafonctions seraient des facteurs importants dans leur apparition et leur croissance. Leur exérèse permet, si nécessaire, de rétablir la fonction manducatrice.Abstract -Buccal exostoses: literature review. The buccal exostoses are benign bone tumors of the jaws. They are manifested by exophytic bony growths that develop on the maxillary bones. The aim of our study was to make a review of the literature on oral exostoses. Epidemiological studies, carried out for some for more than a century, reveals large differences between populations and the authors. The frequency and distribution of oral exostoses vary from one population to another. Genetic susceptibility, the masticatory and parafunctional forces are important factors in their appearance and growth. Their removal will restore the functions of manducation.Les exostoses buccales sont des excroissances osseuses exophytiques qui se développent à partir des maxillaires. On en distingue quatre types selon leur localisation : le torus palatin, les exostoses palatines, les torus mandibulaires et les exostoses vestibulaires (Fig. 1) [1, 2].Elles ne sont ni néoplasiques ni pathologiques et elles ont une croissance lente et progressive. Leur découverte se produit généralement au cours d'un examen clinique de routine, quelquefois fortuitement par le patient, lors d'une réhabilitation prothétique ou d'une gêne fonctionnelle [3][4][5]. L'objectif de cette étude est de réaliser une revue de la littérature sur les exostoses buccales.

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ème molaire (P = 0,008 ; OR = 2,5). Les dents causales des cellulites sous-mylohyoïdiennes étaient les 2 èmes et les 3 èmes molaires mandibulaires. Ces résultats concordent avec les données de la littérature. Cependant, chaque forme topographique doit être en nombre statistiquement significatif pour étudier au mieux les relations avec les dents causales. Abstract -Perimaxillary cellulitis: etiology and anatomo-clinical relations.We retrospectively studied maxillofacial space infections presenting to oral and maxillofacial surgery unit (Aristide Le Dantec teaching hospital) over a 47-month period. Odontogenic causes, dental sources of infection and anatomic maxillofacial spaces associated were evaluated and compared with other recent statistics. 349 patients were admitted. The origin of maxillofacial space infections was predominantly odontogenic (92.7%). The most common cause of odontogenic infections was decay (79.9%). At the maxillary, 1st and 2nd molars were the main source of buccal maxillary space infections (34%). At the mandible, 1st and 3rd molars were respectively the predominant source of buccal mandibular (41.2%) and submandibular (44.8%) space infections. Buccal mandibular space infections were related to 1st and 2nd molars (P = 0.008 ; OR = 2.5). Only 2nd and 3rd molars were the dental sources of submandibular space infections.  Etiologic aspects in this series were in agreement with the medical literature. Maxillofacial spaces infections seem related to dental sources of infection.

Introduction: Osseous dysplasia is a benign tumor of the jaws predominantly occurring in melanoderm women. The pathogenesis remains unknown. Its often fortuitous discovery usually is in the fourth decade of life. Its treatment involves surgery. Our aim was to report a case of osseous dysplasia secondary infection in Senegal. Observation: The over sixty-year-old patient initially came for recurring old suppuration. A prior history of dental avulsions and self-medication was found out. The clinical features were predominant chronic osteitic manifestations. Its radiologic presentation suggested a florid form. The combination of spiramycin-metronidazole had to be given twice. The isolated sequestrum was enucleated and the anatomopathology confirmed the diagnostics. Discussion: The patient's age conformed to late discovery due to silent progression and poor access to medical care. The prior iatrogenic avulsions can be explained by the absence of systematic radiological exploration and by the unawareness of the inconspicuous tumor. The clinical and radiological features at this stage of the osseous dysplasia secondary infection were typical. The treatment and the follow-up were dependent on the prevailing work conditions. Conclusion: The chronic osteitic manifestations are indicative of osseous dysplasia in elderly women in Senegal.

Résumé -Objectif : L'objectif de cette étude était de mettre en exergue le rôle de l'orthopantomographie dans la prédiction des difficultés rencontrées lors de l'avulsion des troisièmes molaires incluses en utilisant l'échelle de Pederson. Abstract -Difficulties of impacted lower third molar extraction: the role of the orthopantomogram. Introduction: The orthopantomogram allows for the classification of impacted lower third molars according to depth, the spatial relationship with the ramus and the root relationship/mandibular canal. The aim of this study was to show the role of orthopantomography in the prediction of the difficulties encountered in the extraction of impacted lower third molars using the Pederson scale. Material and Method: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study in the Oral Surgery Service of the Dentistry Department at the Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar. The study was done between October 2012 and February 2013. 62 patients were involved. Results: The age group 15-25 was the most represented (57%). The mean age of patients was 26 ± 9 years with extremes of 15 and 73 years. Lower third molars with two roots accounted for 92%. Horizontal angulation (44%) and mesial angulation (35%) were the most represented. Half of the sample exhibited a depth of inclusion of position A (54%). The position I represented 40% of cases. In 33% of cases there was no contact between the roots and the mandibular canal. Conclusion: The orthopantomogram allows grading of the difficulty level for third molar extraction, using the Pederson scale. In our sample, extraction was difficult in 69% of the cases, moderate in 21% and easy in 33%.