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The last paragraph of the section ''Genetic Effects'' should not be indented with the preceding quoted text. The corrected formatting is reprinted below including the leading paragraph.These impacts necessitate an evaluation of the long-term survival of some wild salmon populations (Fleming et al. 2000). In their paper on fitness reduction and extinction, McGinnity and co-authors (2003) summarized:Irrespective of the exact extent of fitness reduction, the fact that farm escapes are repetitive, often resulting in annual intrusions in some rivers, means that such reductions in fitness are cumulative, which could potentially lead to an extinction vortex in endangered populations.Eliminating escapes is the best way to decrease harmful interactions between escapees and their wild counterparts (Bridger and Garber 2002). The only way to effectively eliminate escapes in organic systems, however, is to prohibit use of net pens.

The principles of organic farming espouse a holistic approach to agriculture that promotes sustainable and harmonious relationships amongst the natural environment, plants, and animals, as well as regard for animals' physiological and behavioral needs. However, open aquaculture systems-both organic and conventional-present unresolved and significant challenges to the welfare of farmed and wild fish, as well as other wildlife, and to environmental integrity, due to water quality issues, escapes, parasites, predator control, and feed-source sustainability. Without addressing these issues, it is unlikely that open net-pen aquaculture production can be compatible with the principles inherent to organic farming.