Societal costs associated with AD in Spain were largely attributable to caregiver informal care costs and increased with increasing AD dementia severity.

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Vitamin D has a biologically active form, calcitriol, which regulates cell growth and differentiation, prevents progression and apoptosis of cancer cells, and reduces proliferation and metastasis. Its deficiency, hypovitaminosis D, is common and courses with hypocalcemia, hypophosphatemia, and osteoporosis. Given the importance of this nutrient, this study was outlined to describe the factors that influence serum levels of vitamin D such as sun exposure, diet, and dietary supplementation. This was a review conducted in Belo Horizonte by searching the term vitamin D in the PUBMED, SCIELO, CAPES, BIREME, and Up To Date databases, totaling 22 articles published between 1983 and 2013. It was observed that the literature is scarce on the subject, particularly in regards to clarification of contradictions about risk factors and that this scarcity is more evident in tropical regions such as Brazil. It was concluded that studies on this subject are important to improve the conduct and treatment related to hypovitaminosis D.

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