Objective To analyze the long-term effects of antineoplastic treatments on patient fertility. Selection of Studies The studies were selected through the New PubMed, Scielo and Lilacs databases along with references used for the creation of the present work. For the selection of studies, articles published between the periods from January 1, 2015 to April 6, 2020 in the English, Portuguese and Spanish languages were used. As inclusion criteria: cohort studies and studies conducted in vitro. As exclusion criteria: review articles, reported cases, studies that do not address thematic reproduction, studies that do not address the cancer theme, articles that used animals, articles that address the preservation of fertility and articles in duplicate in the bases. Data Collection The collected data included: age of the patient at the beginning of treatment, type of neoplasm, type of antineoplastic treatment, chemotherapy used, radiotherapy dosage, radiotherapy site, effect of antineoplastic agents on fertility and number of patients in the study. Data Synthesis Thirty studies were evaluated, antineoplastic chemotherapy agents and radiotherapy modulate serum hormone levels, reduces germ cell quantities and correlated with an increase in sterility rates. The effects mentioned occur in patients in the prepubertal and postpubertal age. Conclusion Antineoplastic treatments have cytotoxic effects on the germ cells leading to hormonal modulation, and pubertal status does not interfere with the cytotoxic action of therapies.

The vaginal microbiome is dominated by Lactobacillus spp. and the depletion of these microorganisms have been associated with adverse conditions that can affect women’s health. Disturbance of the vaginal niche with a non-lactobacillary microbiota is associated with susceptibility to some diseases, such as obstetric alterations and infertility, resulting in failure in natural pregnancies and increased demand for assisted reproduction treatments. The present study sought to understand the influence of Lactobacillus spp. and fertility female. A systematic search was performed in the following databases: PubMed, MEDLINE, SciELO and LILACS, using the keywords: “Microbiome”; “ Lactobacillus ” and “Female Infertility”, published in the last five years. The search resulted in 92 articles; however, 38 articles were excluded due to duplicity, 23 articles were excluded in the selection title/abstract, leaving 31 articles for full reading. In the end, 18 articles were analyzed. The studies encompassed a total of 2,011 women, using 27 types of samples to verify the composition of the microbiome. The eighteen articles that reported the microbiome of fertile women were constituted by a dominance of Lactobacillus spp. who joined to positive predictive outcomes in reproduction, while infertile women showed a dysbiotic profile. Therefore, analyzing bacterial patterns would allow a personalized diagnosis, which could favor personalized therapy for prevention and treatment of certain diseases.

Objective: To elucidate through a systematic literature review the impact sperm DNA fragmentation has on embryos from assisted reproduction techniques. Data Source: Studies from the "PubMed", "Embase", and "BVS" databases were analyzed. Studies Selection: The articles selected in the review included: cohort and case-control studies that addressed the proposed theme, published between January 1, 2017, and January 31, 2022, in English, Portuguese, and Spanish. As inclusion criteria: cohort and case-control articles. As exclusion criteria: articles outside the scope of the research, review articles, case reports, articles using animal models, abstracts, letters to the editor, and articles found duplicates in the databases. Data Collection: Number of couples or cycles; age (men/ women); collection type; DNA damage (%); assisted reproduction activity and techniques. Data Synthesis: In in vitro fertilization, a reduction in fertilization rate, blastocyst rate, and embryo quality was observed. In addition to implantation and increased abortion rates in patients with high sperm DNA fragmentation. High rates of sperm DNA fragmentation in intracytoplasmic sperm injection led to reduced blastocyst production rate, embryo quality, implantation, and live birth rate, and in intrauterine insemination, a reduction in pregnancy rate. Conclusion: Sperm DNA fragmentation was a potential limiting factor for assisted reproduction techniques.

The microbiota is composed of numerous resident microorganisms, which contribute to the health and illness of the individual. When the microbiota is in dysbiosis, it can cause some pathological processes and in men it can be correlated with male infertility, so the present study does a systematic review, identifying whether there is a correlation between the microbiota and seminal quality. We analyzed 7 papers published in PubMed, Medline and the Cochrane library databases, in English and published between 2012 and 2022. In men with normal semen parameters, a higher prevalence of Lactobacillus. There was a higher prevalence of Prevotella in patients who had some seminal alteration. We conclude that the microbiota is correlated with seminal quality, since the decrease in Lactobacillus and the increase in other species is seen in infertile men.

Background: More women, and especially those younger than 14 years, have reported their first sexual intercourse as coerced. These age groups need to be targeted for interventions to delay sexual debut and prevent sexual coercion. This study sought to compare the prevalence of sexual debut (SD) in adolescents under 14 years old before and after the implementation of the Statutory Rape Law in Brazil.Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of medical records of 591 pregnant adolescents aged 10-18 years served at teaching maternity hospital of Brazil's National Health System (Sistema Único de Saúde -SUS). Sociodemographic data and information on clinical history of SD were collected.Results: The prevalence rate of SD under 14 years of age was 26% in 2006 versus 48.5% in 2016 (p<0.001). In 2006, the median age of the partner was 19 years versus 17 years in 2016 (p=0.001).Conclusions: The prevalence of early sexual debut was significantly higher 7 years after the implementation of the Statutory Rape law as compared to 3 years prior.