Entre os Artrópodes, os insetos sociais, e particularmente as formigas, estão entre os animais que melhor se adaptaram ao ambiente urbano, apresentando uma maior diversidade nas regiões tropicais. Estima-se que existam cerca de 18.000 espécies de formigas em todo o mundo, sendo no Brasil já catalogadas mais de 2.000 espécies. Poucas espécies de formigas são importantes por causarem problemas ao homem, sendo que apenas 1% são consideradas pragas e menos de 50 espécies estão adaptadas ao ambiente urbano 4 .Por apresentarem a capacidade de transportar microrganismos patogênicos, quando ocorrem em hospitais constituem um perigo potencial à saúde pública, podendo essas estar diretamente associadas ao problema de infecção hospitalar 2 3 6 12 17 21 .
Formigas
ABSTRACTThe presence of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in hospital environments may constitute a public health problem, especially since they are mechanical vectors for pathogenic organisms. This study aimed to survey the ant populations and analyze the presence of bacteria associated with them in two medium-sized regional hospitals in the municipality of Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Specimens were collected every monthly over a six-month period. The following ant species were found: Pheidole sp1 and sp2, Linepithema humile, Wasmannia auropunctata, Camponotus sp1 and sp2, Odontomachus sp, Solenopsis sp, Acromyrmex sp and Tapinoma melenocephalum. It was observed that these ants mechanically transported Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus, Streptococcus, Escherichia coli and non-pathogenic and pathogenic Staphylococcus. These results show the propensity for occurrences of hospital infections at these sites caused by mechanical transmission of pathogens by ants.
BackgroundTriatoma sordida, a vector of Trypanosoma cruzi, is native of Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina, and Uruguay, and occurs primarily in peridomiciles. Currently, it is the species most frequently captured by the Chagas Disease Control Program in Brazil. For this reason, population genetic studies attract great interest, as they can provide further information about the dispersal and household invasion processes of this species. In the absence of suitable markers, the objective of this study was to test the cross amplification of microsatellite primers.Findings23 primers were tested for microsatellite loci already described for other species of the genus Triatoma sp. Forty four specimens of T. sordida captured in the north of Minas Gerais were used to validate the use of standardized loci for population genetic analyses. It was possible to amplify 10 of the 23 loci tested for T. sordida.ConclusionsThis is the first study that provides 10 microsatellite markers for population analysis of this triatomine species. Cross-amplification of primers can be used among other phylogenetically related species whose loci are already available for study.
RESUMO A avaliação de impactos ambientais, introduzida por meio da Política Nacional de Meio Ambiente (PNMA), ganhou espaço primordialmente dentro do licenciamento ambiental, cujo modelo atual é questionado pela sua ineficácia em compensar ao ambiente a perda dos recursos naturais. Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar de forma técnica e legal o licenciamento ambiental minerário na Região do Alto São Francisco, Minas Gerais, por intermédio do histórico e fluxo atual dos processos, do levantamento de dados dos de Estudos de Impacto Ambiental, do cumprimento dos Termos de Referência e da legislação ambiental, analisando estes dados pelo método Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Os resultados demonstraram que o licenciamento ambiental não cumpre a função de compensar os impactos socioambientais causados pela atividade nem os requisitos legais obrigatórios ao processo.
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