The study concerned dissipation of metazachlor and clomazone, herbicides widely used in rapeseed (Brassica napus L. subsp. napus) protection, applied to the clay soil under field and laboratory conditions. Furthermore, the uptake of these pesticide from soil by rapeseed plants was investigated under field conditions. An additional aim of this work was to modify the QuEChERS method for the determination of metazachlor and clomazone in the plant material. Analytical procedures for metazachlor and clomazone qualification and quantification in rapeseed plants and soil were developed, using gas chromatography with an micro electron capture detector (GC-μECD) and a mass detector (GC-MS/MS QqQ) as confirmation. Dissipation kinetics of herbicide residues in soil were described as first-order equations. The analytical performance was very satisfactory and confirmed that the methods meet the requirements of the European Commission. In the conducted field experiments it was found that dissipation of clomazone and metazachlor in clay soil follows first-order kinetics (R 2 between 0.964 and 0.978), and half-lives were 9.5 days and 10.2 days for clomazone and metazachlor, respectively. Under laboratory conditions, dissipation of clomazone and metazachlor in soil also follows first-order kinetics (R 2 between 0.937 and 0.938), and half-lives were 8.8 days and 5.7 days for clomazone and metazachlor, respectively. Residues of both herbicides in rape plants 22 days after application of herbicides were below the maximum residue levels for Brassica plants. Metazachlor and clomazone dissipate very fast in clay soil and their uptake by rape plants is very low.

The aim of this study was to investigate the dissipation kinetics of fluxapyroxad in apples, the influence of biological treatment with yeast, and the estimation of dietary exposure for consumers, both adults and children. The gas chromatography technique with the electron capture detector was used to analyse the fluxapyroxad residues. Samples of apples were prepared by the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe (QuEChERS) method. The average fluxapyroxad recoveries in apple samples ranged from 107.9 to 118.4%, the relative standard deviations ranged from 4.2 to 4.7%, and the limit of quantification was 0.005 mg/kg. The dissipation half-lives in Gala and Idared varieties were 8.9 and 9.0 days, respectively. Degradation levels of the tested active substance after application of yeast included in a biological preparation Myco-Sin were 59.9% for Gala and 43.8% for Idared. The estimated dietary risk for fluxapyroxad in apples was on the acceptable safety level (below 9.8% for children and 1.9% for adults) and does not pose a danger to the health of consumers.

Pascal Dusapin is regarded as one of the outstanding contemporary French composers. The opera genre seems to have a special place among his creative achievements. Medeamaterial is the composer’s second work for the stage, and one of many where myth becomes the subject. As the text of the libretto, he chose a text by a German dramatist, Heiner Müller. Both authors decide to reinterpret an antique history and deconstruct it using the means available to them. As does Sasha Waltz, who in 2007 staged Dusapin’s work. All three, while initiating a dialogue with the past, set the work firmly in the present. In this article the author attempts to answer the question how the devices used by these creative artists shape the psychological portrait of the drama’s heroine.