Lymphoproliferative pulmonary neoplasms can occur as primary pulmonary lymphomas or because of secondary pulmonary involvement. Neoplastic disorders may be difficult to differentiate from reactive pulmonary lymphoproliferative disorders, and immunohistochemical evaluation is often required to differentiate the 2 types of lesions. Neoplastic lymphoproliferative disorders are monoclonal lesions. Most affected patients present with systemic complaints, and imaging findings typically include nodules, masses, and lymphadenopathy. Primary pulmonary lymphomas are rare and account for less than 4% of the lymphomas that arise in extranodal sites. Secondary pulmonary lymphomas can affect the lung via hematogenous dissemination or by secondary involvement from tumor in adjacent or contiguous sites. Neoplastic lymphoproliferative lesions also include leukemia and plasma cell neoplasms. Posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disorders constitute a special type of lymphoid proliferation occurring in the setting of the chronic immunosuppression required for solid organ and bone marrow transplantation.
Los síndromes eosinofílicos pulmonares (SEP) comprenden un grupo heterogéneo de enfermedades que tienen en común la infiltración eosinofílica en el lavado broncoalveolar y la infiltración tisular en el análisis histopatológico. Se expone un caso correspondiente a una paciente de sexo femenino de 42 años quien consultó por un cuadro clínico agudo de tos, disnea y eosinofilia periférica, con estudios de imágenes torácicas compatibles con con- solidación alveolar en ambos segmentos basales posteriores, la língula y el segmento lateral del lóbulo medio derecho. Se descartó parasitosis, infección por micobacterias, infección por hongos, virus respiratorios, patología oncológica y reumatológica. La biopsia de pulmón mostró un engrosamiento de los tabiques interalveolares con proliferación celular de linfo- citos e histiocitos con hiperplasia alveolar, neumocitos atípicos y ocupación difusa de la luz con abundantes eosinófilos. El curso clínico y los hallazgos histopatológicos confirman el diagnóstico de neumonía eosinofílica aguda (NEA).
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