Carbamazepine and amiodarone may often be used together, especially in countries where cardiomyopathies are common. In this study single doses of carbamazepine (400 mg) were given to patients with cardiac disease before and after one month of therapy with amiodarone, 400 mg daily. The kinetic profile of carbamazepine, its free fraction, and serum amiodarone, were measured at the two occasions. There was no statistically significant change in carbamazepine kinetics or free fraction, before and after the introduction of amiodarone. The concentrations of amiodarone after one month of therapy were low. It is suggested that the possible interaction in the hepatic metabolism was not demonstrated because amiodarone concentrations were not enough to inhibit carbamazepine metabolism.

-A total of 42 patients were submitted to a clinical, behavioural and neuropsychological evaluation with the objective of eventual surgical treatment of epilepsy refractory to the usual clinical therapies. Prolonged video-EEG monitoring, MRI hippocampal volume measurement, lateralization of speech and memory using the amobarbital (Wada) test were used. Of 18 operated cases, 12 were submitted to temporal lobectomy, with a follow-up of 6-30 months; 8 patients had significant improvement in seizures control; 2 patients had partial improvement in seizure frequency and intensity; 2 patients had no improvement in seizure control. One patient underwent right frontal lobectomy with total remission of seizures and 5 had callosotomy with varying degrees of success. There was no mortality. Morbidity included one subdural hematoma, one transient hemiparesis, one episode of mania, one lobar pneumonia and frequent immediately post-operative muscular tension headaches. These early results indicate good results of temporal lobectomy patients investigated through a non-invasive presurgical evaluation.KEY WORDS: epilepsy, epilepsy surgery. Cirurgia de epilepsia sem EEG invasivo: resultados preliminares de um novo programaRESUMO -No total, 42 pacientes foram submetidos a avaliação clínica, comportamental e neuropsicológica com o objetivo de eventual tratamento cirúrgico de epilepsia refratária aos tratamentos clínicos usuais. Monitorização de vídeo-EEG digital prolongado, avaliação do volume hipocampal por RM, lateralização de fala e memória pelo teste do Amobarbital (teste de Wada) foram utilizados. Dos 18 pacientes operados 12 foram submetidos a lobectomia temporal, com seguimento de 6-30 meses (média 17 meses), sendo que 8 encontram-se com melhora significativa do controle de crises, 2 com melhora parcial e em 2 não foi observada mudança substancial na intensidade e frequência de crises. Uma paciente foi submetida a lobectomia frontal direita com remissão total de crises. Cinco pacientes foram submetidos a calosotomia com graus variáveis de sucesso. Não houve mortalidade. A morbidade incluiu um hematoma subdural, uma hemiparesia transitória, um episódio de mania, uma pneumonia lobar e cefaléia tensional muscular frequente no pós-operatório imediato. Estes resultados preliminares indicam uma boa resposta do tratamento cirúrgico de epilepsia em um novo centro, com pacientes selecionados através de monitorização não invasiva. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: epilepsia, cirurgia de epilepsiaNew concepts indicate that a significant number of patients with epilepsy refractory to the usual clinical therapies may undergo successful surgery without the various techniques of invasive

-The intracarotid amobarbital procedure was carried out in 8 male and 7 female candidates to temporal lobectomy, and a female candidate to frontal lesionectomy, aged 18-50 (mean 32.5) years. Language and memory were tested after injection in each hemisphere. Both were measured by the Montreal procedure. In 9 patients language and memory were evaluated with the Seattle procedure too. In 12 patients the left hemisphere was dominant for language; three had bilateral dominance. In I patient the Seattle procedure demonstrated the dominant hemisphere by relatively slowness of speech during the drug effect in the left hemisphere. Memory was defined to be in the left hemisphere in 12 patients, in the right in 2, bilateral in 1 and in another lateralization was not possible. In 1 patient memory dominance was determined by the Montreal protocol alone because of lack of cooperation. These early results indicate that the methods may be complementary for determination of language and memory dominance in epilepsy surgery candidates.KEY WORDS: amobarbital (Wada) test, epilepsy surgery, language, memory. Procedimentos do amobarbital intracarotideo (teste de Wada) com dois protocolos combinados, Montreal e SeattleRESUMO -O testo do amobarbital intracarotídeo foi realizado em 8 homens e 7 mulheres candidatos a lobectomia temporal e em uma mulher candidata a lesionectomia frontal, com idades de 18-50 (média 32,5) anos. Linguagem e memória foram testadas após a injeção do amobarbial em cada hemisfério cerebral. Todos os pacientes foram avaliados pelo método de Montreal e 9 também pelo método de Seattle. Em 12 pacientes o hemisfério cerebral esquerdo foi dominante para linguagem e em 3 pacientes houve dominância bilateral. Em uma paciente a linguagem foi determinada apenas através do método de Seattle, com lentificação relativa da fal a, sob ação da droga no hemisfério cerebral esquerdo. Dominância da memória à esquerda foi observada em 12 pacientes, à direita em 2, bilateral em 1 e em outro não foi lateralizada. Dominância da memória foi definida apenas através do método de Montreal em um paciente, devido à pouca cooperação. Estes resultados preliminares indicam que os métodos podem ser complementares para a determinação da dominância da linguagem e memória em especial nos candidatos à lobectomia temporal. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: teste do amobarbital (Wada), cirurgia de epilepsia, linguagem, memória.The majority of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy who are refractory to medical treatment and who are submitted to temporal resection have substantial improvement of seizure control". The possibility that complications related to memory and language may arise due to the surgical procedure

Loading-doses of phenytoin (1000 mg) and carbamazepine (600 mg) were given orally respectively to 10 and 6 patients with uncontrolled epileptic seizures secondary to acute neurological disorders or alcohol withdrawal. In the phenytoin group age varied between 12-73 years and serum concentrations at 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 18 hours after drug administration were 7.6, 8.8, 8.7, 8.7, 7.2 and 6.5 micrograms/ml (means). A quantitative method did not detect important side-effects. In the carbamazepine group age varied between 25-56 years and serum concentrations at the same times were 3.9, 5.3, 6.5, 7.5, 7.4 and 8.2 micrograms/ml. Side-effects were discrete. Further medication was not necessary in the 24 hours after drug administration. Although both regimens controlled the clinical situation without relevant side-effects serum concentrations were sub-therapeutic in the case of phenytoin. We suggest the ideal phenytoin oral loading-dose is 1500 mg. The carbamazepine load produced therapeutic concentrations. The stability of serum concentrations for the period of the study shows that those regimens are useful in the subacute control of epileptic seizures in the maintenance treatment of status epilepticus and in alcohol withdrawal.