We successfully developed and characterized a liposome encapsulated 5% lidocaine gel. It could be considered an option to other topical anesthetic agents for oral mucosa.

Abstract:We report the case of a boy with an encephalopathy associated with extrapyramidal and psychiatric symptoms and anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antibodies. He had positive serum antithyroid antibodies, IgM antibodies against Mycoplasma pneumoniae and human herpesvirus 7 polymerase chain reaction in the cerebrospinal fluid. He was successfully treated with rituximab, after steroids, intravenous immunoglobulin and plasma exchange. The pathophysiology of this disorder may be post-infectious and autoimmune. The diagnosis is based on the clinical course and, in addition, on the demonstration of anti-NMDAR antibodies in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).In patients with a tumor, predominantly an ovarian teratoma, the condition is treated by tumor removal, whereas first-line immunotherapy [corticosteroids plus intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) or plasma exchange] has been proposed in previous reports. 2When no response is seen second-line immunotherapy (rituximab and/or cyclophosphamide) should be considered. 4-6The pathogenesis of anti-NMDAR encephalitis is unclear. Although recent studies showed that a few patients with non-tumorassociated anti-NMDAR encephalitis have elevated antithyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) antibodies, 5-7 the combined occurrence of anti-NMDAR and anti-TPO antibodies was not followed up in detail in the literature.Neurologic disease associated with Mycoplasma pneumonia and Human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7) infections have been described rarely contrasting with the occurrence of nearly universal primary infection in early childhood. 8 We report an anti-NMDAR encephalitis in a 9-year-old boy, not associated with malignancy, with positive serum antithyroid antibodies, IgM antibodies against Mycoplasma pneumoniae and HHV-7 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the CSF that showed significant improvement after administration of rituximab. CASE PRESENTATIONA 9-year-old boy initially had upper respiratory symptoms and low-grade fever. One week later, he progressively developed limb muscle weakness, fatigue, waddling gait, refusal to walk, changes of mood and self-injurious behavior. He was seen at a local hospital with a severe headache and vomiting. CT-scan was normal and the symptoms improved. Two weeks later, he manifested incoherent delirious and obsessive thoughts, slurred speech and a mild motor incoordination. He was fully awake, with periods of agitation. Neurologic examination did not indicate any other abnormalities. Extensive investigations for metabolic, infectious, toxic, autoimmune and central nervous system disorders were performed. CSF cyto and biochemical analyses were normal. Brain magnetic resonance imaging fluid-attenuated inversion recovery showed bilateral medial temporal lobe hyperintensities, predominantly involving the left hippocampus. Electroencephalogram demonstrated right-sided, fronto-temporal slowing without epileptiform discharges. Considering encephalitis, he was treated with acyclovir, ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin.Further CSF analysis showed elevated IgG and IgM...

Obesidade Infantil é a forma mais comum de patologia da nutrição nos países desenvolvidos. 1 A sua prevalência tem aumentado nas últimas décadas, justificando a denominação da Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS) como epidemia de saúde pública, pela vasta dimensão que assume e pela velocidade com que se propaga. 2 Em Portugal, a prevalência de sobrepeso/obesidade infantil é de cerca de 31,5%, apresentando as raparigas uma percentagem mais elevada, excepto na faixa dos 7,5 e dos 9 anos, respectivamente. 3 Estes resultados reflectem a

RESUMOA partir do fim da Segunda Guerra Mundial passaram a ser elaboradas regulamentações internacionais para o desenvolvimento de Pesquisas envolvendo seres humanos. Para a realização destas pesquisas é essencial que principios éticos tais como autonomia e vulnerabilidade do sujeito da pesquisa sejam respeitados. Considerando a importancia do conhecimento dos pesquisadores sobre os aspectos éticos envolvidos na pesquisa com seres humanos, o presente estudo tem como objetivo discutir estes aspectos dentro de um contexto histórico. Nos dias atuais, pesquisas incluindo grupos vulneráveis e pessoas com autonomia reduzida são comumente realizadas e, apesar da existência de normas internacionais e nacionais, além de códigos e diretrizes publicadas a este respeito, muitas destas são realizadas desrespeitando a ética e os princípios morais, ferindo a dignidade humana. Pala vras-cha veBioética; Autonomia Pessoal; Vulnerabilidade.O Cirurgiã-Dentista, Mestre em Cariologia FOP/UNICAMP.