<p class="DRAbstrak">Cost estimation is the art of estimating the amount of cost required for an activity based on available information. The conceptual cost estimate is an early stage in planning a construction project. This estimate provides the cost that must be budgeted for a construction project. Cost conceptual estimates have low accuracy because the time of calculation and available information is limited. This study aims to obtain a conceptual model of the conceptual cost of short-spaced bridges. The method used is the cost index. The cost index is a figure indicating the cost per m2 of bridges at a given time. The required data are contract documents and drawings design that are built in 2012 - 2015 in Banyumas residency area. Span of bridge 4 - 38.8 meters and width of bridge 2 - 7 meters with caisson  foundation. The data were obtained from Dinas Bina Marga and Public Works Agency. The results showed that the conceptual cost model of reinforced concrete bridge with caisson foundation was BJiL = (100.540.56t2-404.528.636,58t + 406.914.286.088,58) x P x W, with t = year, P = span bridge, and W = bridge width. The error value of validation of this model is 2.31%.</p>

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Dusun Siwarak Kulon berbatasan dengan hutan pinus seluas 1.014,4 ha asset Perum Perhutani Kesatuan Pemangkuan Hutan (KPH) Banyumas Timur dengan ketinggian 200 – 250 Mdpl.  Jalan beraspal hanya jalan utama, sedangkan akses lain berupa jalan maka dan belum dilengkapi penerangan jalan umum. Di kawasan ini terdapat sungai Curug yang memiliki terjunan setinggi 1,2 meter. Tujuan dari kegiatan ini adalah melakukan transfer pengetahuan melalui pendampingan pembuatan pembangkit listrik tenaga pikohidro untuk penerangan jalan di RT 02 dan RT 03 RW 03 dusun Siwarak desa Watuagung kecamatan Tambak yang terletak pada ketinggian 200-250 Mdpl pada kawasan hutan Perum Perhutani Banyumas Timur. Pencapaian tujuan program ini dilakukan dengan metode pengukuran potensi daya dari aliran sungai dan parameter listrik, analisis kapasitas daya generator, pembuatan bendung,pembuatan penstock dan turbin,  pemasangan penstock dan turbin-generator, membuat penerangan jalan umum serta  transfer pengetahuan melalui diskusi sistem pembangkit listrik tenaga piko hidro dan lampu LED gun pembangkit listrik tenaga pikohidro dengan kapasitas 1000 watt, dibangun penpenghematan energi listrik penerangan.  Hasil yang dicapai dari kegiatan ini adalah : dibanerangan jalan umum, serta mendapatkan 2 warga yang memiliki kemampuan perawatan pembangkit listrik untuk memastikan keberlanjutan sistem tersebut.

<p>Productivity growth in the construction is lower than that of in the industry sector. Level of innovation in this sector is too low. Many problems of inefficiency in the construction process are a lotof waste of resources that do not produce value. According to  LCI (Lean ConstructionInstitute) waste in the construction industry is about 57% while the activity that adds value is only 10%. The construction industry has a lot to learn from manufacture industry. Some innovations by applying an appropriate and efficient  methods in the field of construction adopted many of the manufacturing, including modular systems/fabrication (precast concrete). Construction materials are mass produced in acontrolled environment and then assembled inthe site. The use of precast on any project shows that there are advantages obtained are: cheaper, faster/more productive and guaranteed quality. The duration of the Rusunawa (Simple Flats for Rent) Structure construction phase in Cilacap for precast method is 168 days while for the implementation of the conventional method is 196 days. The duration of the construction of precast structures is faster 28 days (14%) faster than that of the conventional structures. In high-speed rail project on the border of Belgium and the Netherlands, use Rheda 2000 NL method, which development of Rheda method, can increase productivity and lower overtime costs as 24.6%. In the residential case, quicklyconstructed building criteria can be categorizedinto several aspects, such as dimensions, weight components and connection systems.The suitable selection criteria will accelerate instalment proses of the wall panel.</p>

The growth of high-rise buildings is triggered by expensive land prices and the need for construction for hotels, offices, and colleges. Besides the great benefits, high-rise building also has a consequence of fire risks. This indicates that its extinction is challenging with the occurrence of fire outbreaks, due to the flammable furniture and characteristics of high-rise buildings. To anticipate this condition, fire safety protection in high-rise buildings should be reliable. Furthermore, the Indonesian government has reportedly issued regulations and technical guidelines regarding the reliability of fire safety, although fires still occur and cause loss of life and property. Science and engineering also provide a performance-based alternative approach. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the reliability of the fire safety model produced from the integration of FSM (Fire Safety Management) variables, namely flame prevention, people safety, monitoring, audit, review and reactive assessment. In a high-rise building, the initial model was validated by experts within the fire safety field. At the initial stage, the identification of FSM implementation was carried out for building functions in Jakarta, where construction surveys were conducted using a questionnaire and checklist for the completeness of the protection system. Using a spreadsheet and the Smart PLS application, the data were also processed to produce the implementation of FSM and test the effect of independent variables on the dependent factors, respectively. Subsequently, the sub-variables with low FSM implementation were used to improve the fire safety conditions in buildings. By implementing all FSM variables, reliability was then achieved, as improvement efforts were prioritized on the sub-variables with low implementation and priority on fire prevention and monitoring, audit, and review. The integration of the FSM variables' implementation also consistently produced fire safety reliability, as well as guaranteed life and property protection.